pharmacology history
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- Oswald Schmiedeberg, PhD
- 1838-1921, found things responded to certain herbs, founder of modern pharmacology
- Birth Control
- 1960's
- Formulate new drugs
- pharmacologists test effect on organs & tissues & study action the chemical compound has on them
- Alexander Fleming
- penicillin
- Louis Pasteur
- proved germs caused disease & infection
- Leeuwenhock
- discovered bacteria using crude microscope
- Mammals used in experiments
- mainly mice - rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs
- Drug revolution
- 1800's - 100's of drugs & diseases discovered, understanding of how drugs & body work, pharmaceutical industry became large
- Philippus Paracelsus
- 1500's - Swiss MD, 1st used mineral drugs
- Quantifying
- making sure you get the results you want
- Fredrick Basting
- 1900's - discovered the hormone insulin
- Egyptians
- castor oil for laxative & honey to prevent wounds from becoming infected
- Paul Ehrlich
- new method for treating infections/disease w/chemotheraphy & discovery of antibiotics & sulfa drugs
- John Ables
- isolated hormone epinephrine (comes from adrenal glands above kidneys)
- Romans
- wrote 1st prescription showing definite amounts of drug's ingredients, opened first drug store
- Crawford Long & William Morgan
- Anesthetics
- Arabs
- passed Europeans knowledge of drugs
- William Harvey
- 1600's - discovered how circulatory system works
- decrease in interest of science
- 400 AD - 1500 AD (patients recovered, but not necessarily from drugs)
- Tranquilizers
- 1950's
- Pharmacology
- studies the effect of drugs & how they carry out their effects on diseases
- Isolation of drugs
- 1800's - 1st drug isolated, MSO4 (morphine)
- Versalius
- 1543 - published 1st complete description of body structure
- Greek & Romans
- opium for pain
- Chinese
- consumed liver to cure anemia
- Egyptian scrolls
- 1550 BC - oldest known written record is from clay tablet from an ancient Sumerian civilization of the Middle East, over 800 prescriptions & over 700 medications
- Middle East
- increased Roman & Chinese knowledge of drugs
- Amphetamines
- 1930's
- Pharmacologists primary tasks
- screen for desired drug activity, determine mode of action, quantifying drug activity
- Jenner
- 1776 - developed 1st successful vaccination for small pox which lead to science of immunology & other vaccines
- Drugs today
- used tremendously, presents w/problems & challenges, help control many diseases, pharmaceutical researchers have increased efforts to find new drugs