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pharmacology history

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Oswald Schmiedeberg, PhD
1838-1921, found things responded to certain herbs, founder of modern pharmacology
Birth Control
1960's
Formulate new drugs
pharmacologists test effect on organs & tissues & study action the chemical compound has on them
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
Louis Pasteur
proved germs caused disease & infection
Leeuwenhock
discovered bacteria using crude microscope
Mammals used in experiments
mainly mice - rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs
Drug revolution
1800's - 100's of drugs & diseases discovered, understanding of how drugs & body work, pharmaceutical industry became large
Philippus Paracelsus
1500's - Swiss MD, 1st used mineral drugs
Quantifying
making sure you get the results you want
Fredrick Basting
1900's - discovered the hormone insulin
Egyptians
castor oil for laxative & honey to prevent wounds from becoming infected
Paul Ehrlich
new method for treating infections/disease w/chemotheraphy & discovery of antibiotics & sulfa drugs
John Ables
isolated hormone epinephrine (comes from adrenal glands above kidneys)
Romans
wrote 1st prescription showing definite amounts of drug's ingredients, opened first drug store
Crawford Long & William Morgan
Anesthetics
Arabs
passed Europeans knowledge of drugs
William Harvey
1600's - discovered how circulatory system works
decrease in interest of science
400 AD - 1500 AD (patients recovered, but not necessarily from drugs)
Tranquilizers
1950's
Pharmacology
studies the effect of drugs & how they carry out their effects on diseases
Isolation of drugs
1800's - 1st drug isolated, MSO4 (morphine)
Versalius
1543 - published 1st complete description of body structure
Greek & Romans
opium for pain
Chinese
consumed liver to cure anemia
Egyptian scrolls
1550 BC - oldest known written record is from clay tablet from an ancient Sumerian civilization of the Middle East, over 800 prescriptions & over 700 medications
Middle East
increased Roman & Chinese knowledge of drugs
Amphetamines
1930's
Pharmacologists primary tasks
screen for desired drug activity, determine mode of action, quantifying drug activity
Jenner
1776 - developed 1st successful vaccination for small pox which lead to science of immunology & other vaccines
Drugs today
used tremendously, presents w/problems & challenges, help control many diseases, pharmaceutical researchers have increased efforts to find new drugs

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