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Med. Term. Quiz 2 (Ch. 5 &6)

Terms

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tinea
a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), athlete's foot
seb/o
sebum (oil)
malignant cutaneous neoplasm
skin cancer
vascular lesions
lesions of a blood vessel
pruritus
severe itching
closed comedo (whitehead)
below the skin surface with a whiter center
frozen section (FS)
surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
hist/o, histi/o
tissue
comedo (pl. comedos, comedones)
a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
hypopigmentation
areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
electrocautery
use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue (i.e. to sear a blood vessel)
erythr/o
red
petechia
spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency-small purpura
dermatosis
any disorder of the skin
fissure
a linear crack in the skin
kerat/o, scler/o
hard
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
a malignant tumor of the basal layers of the epidermis (the most common type of skin cancer)
erythema
redness of skin
open comedo (blackhead)
open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air
hair
outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
abscess
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised (abscessus=a going away)
papule
a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (i.e. mole)
myc/o
fungus
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands (sudor= sweat; ferre= to bear)
psoriasis
an itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells- elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails are common sites of involvment
first-degree burn
a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
scabies
a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch-most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc (scabo=to scratch)
debridement
removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and prevent infection
onychia
inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
carbuncle
a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo= small, glowing embers)
sebaceous glands
oil glands in the skin
dermatitis (eczema)
an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritus (itching), and various lesions
keratoses
thickened areas of epidermis
basal layer
deepest region of the epidermis
contact dermatitis
an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic (i.e. chemicals in dyes, preservatives, fragrances, rubber; allergic dermatitis); or one that is a known skin irritant (i.e. acid, solvent; irritant dermatitis)
skin pigmentation
skin color due to the presence of melanin
erosion
to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (i.e. area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)
melanin
dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes
leuk/o
white
ulcer
an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection (i.e. decubitus ulcer)
urticaria
hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch (urtica=stinging nettle_
collagen
protein substance found in skin and connective tissue (koila=glue; gen=producing)
laser
acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth and diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection (cutting of parts for study)
hyperpigmentation
darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
biopsy (Bx)
removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
pediculosis pubis
lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes,beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved (crabs; pubis=groin)
plaque
a solid mass greater than 1cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin
crust
dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin
actinic keratoses, solar keratoses
localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer (actinic=ray; solar=sun)
squam/o
scale
scratch test
the substance is applied to the skin through a scratch
electrodesiccation
use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying-the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion (dessico-to dry up)
xeroderma
dry skin
telangiectasia
a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiatin from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest (telos=end)
ichthy/o
fish
shave Bx
technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis
secondary lesions
lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
ichthyosis
a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin; ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of the many types (vulgaris is Greek word meaning common)
dysplastic nevus
a mole with precancerous changes
lupus
a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus=wolf)
herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
cicatrix of the skin
a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix=scar)
curettage
to clean; scraping of a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; this technique is used in debridement
melan/o
black
melanocyte
a cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
exanthematous viral disease
eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema=eruption)
nevus
congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular-also called a mole
scale
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (i.e. dandruff)
second-degree burn
a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)
skin tests
methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into the skin-commonly seen in treating allergy
rash
a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
depigmentation
loss of melanin pigment in the skin
lesion
an area of pathologically altered tissue (2 types: primary and secondary)
pustule
a pus-filled sac (i.e. pimple)
epidermis
thin, cellular outer layer of the skin
excoriation
a scratch mark (i.e. from a cat scratch)
seborrhea
a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands
laser surgery
surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc.
onych/o
nail
seborrheic keratoses
benign wart-like lesions (seen especially on elderly skin)
purpuric lesions
purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrhages into the skin
alopecia
baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
eczema
to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning
dermis
dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin (aka corium)
furuncle
a boil; a painfule nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle-caused by staphylococcosis
tumor
a solid mass larger than 1-2cm
electrosurgical procedures
use of electric currents to destroy tissue-the type and strength of the current and method of application varies
atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)
a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, with severe itching and burning; most outbreaks begin in infancy and are marked by exacerbations and remissions that usually clear up before adulthood; occurs in persons with atopy (a genetic hypersensitivity to environmental irritants or allergens)
melanocyte
cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
seborrheic dermatitis
redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose, ears or eyelashes and developing at any age; referred to as "cradle gap" in infants
subcutaneous tissue
connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
ecchymosis
bruise; a black and blue mark-large purpura (chymo=juice)
patch test
the substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth
suppuration
production of purulent matter (pus)
hidr/o
sweat
verruca
an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus-also called a wart
kaposi sarcoma
malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs
vitiligo
condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs and genital areas
malignant melanoma
a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes-most develop from a pigmented nevus over time
pediculosis capitis
head lice (capitis =head)
fulguration
to lighten; use of long, high frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin
albinism
a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair)
wheal
an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (i.e. a hive)
rubella
reddish; German measles
herpes zoster
a viral disease affecting the peripheral neres characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral-aka shingles (zoster=girdle)
varicella
a tiny spot; chickenpox
chemosurgery
technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs
xanth/o
yellow
incision and drainage (I&D)
incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion (i.e. an abscess)
xer/o
dry
herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
transient viral vesicles (i.e. cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially around the mouth and nose (herpes=creeping skin disease)
paronychia
inflammation of the nail fold
patch
a flat, discolored are on the skin larger than 1 cm
macule (macula)
a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (i.e. freckle)
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
cherry angioma
a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
plas/o
formation
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
fat
excisional Bx
removal of an entire lesion
burn
an injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases
nail
outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger and toe, composed of keratin
trich/o
hair
dermabrasion
surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin
third-degree burn
a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue
gangrene
an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and conditions that affect circulation (i.e. diabetes)
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue by freezing- involves application of an extremely cold chemical (i.e. liquid nitrogen)
sebum
oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
pediculosis
infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo=louse)
squamous cell layer
flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis
primary lesions
lesions arising from previously normal skin
acne
an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodule on the skin (acne=point)
rubeola
reddish; 14-day measles
vesicle
little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5cm in diameter (i.e. a fever blister)
keloid
abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele=tumor)
epidermal tumors
skin tumors arising from the epidermis
nodule
solid mass greater than 1cm, which extends deeper into the epidermis
epithelium
cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
skin
cellulitis
an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula=small storeroom)
keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
bulla
a blister larger than 0.5cm (bulla=bubble) (i.e. second degree burn)
incisional Bx
removal of a selected portion of a lesion
impetigo
highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted-most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils
cutaneous lupus
limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck and scalp
purpur/o
purple
eruption
appearance of a skin lesion

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