Med. Term. Quiz 2 (Ch. 5 &6)
Terms
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- tinea
- a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), athlete's foot
- seb/o
- sebum (oil)
- malignant cutaneous neoplasm
- skin cancer
- vascular lesions
- lesions of a blood vessel
- pruritus
- severe itching
- closed comedo (whitehead)
- below the skin surface with a whiter center
- frozen section (FS)
- surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
- hist/o, histi/o
- tissue
- comedo (pl. comedos, comedones)
- a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
- hypopigmentation
- areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
- electrocautery
- use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue (i.e. to sear a blood vessel)
- erythr/o
- red
- petechia
- spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency-small purpura
- dermatosis
- any disorder of the skin
- fissure
- a linear crack in the skin
- kerat/o, scler/o
- hard
- basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
- a malignant tumor of the basal layers of the epidermis (the most common type of skin cancer)
- erythema
- redness of skin
- open comedo (blackhead)
- open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air
- hair
- outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
- abscess
- a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised (abscessus=a going away)
- papule
- a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (i.e. mole)
- myc/o
- fungus
- sudoriferous glands
- sweat glands (sudor= sweat; ferre= to bear)
- psoriasis
- an itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells- elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails are common sites of involvment
- first-degree burn
- a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
- scabies
- a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch-most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc (scabo=to scratch)
- debridement
- removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and prevent infection
- onychia
- inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
- carbuncle
- a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo= small, glowing embers)
- sebaceous glands
- oil glands in the skin
- dermatitis (eczema)
- an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritus (itching), and various lesions
- keratoses
- thickened areas of epidermis
- basal layer
- deepest region of the epidermis
- contact dermatitis
- an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic (i.e. chemicals in dyes, preservatives, fragrances, rubber; allergic dermatitis); or one that is a known skin irritant (i.e. acid, solvent; irritant dermatitis)
- skin pigmentation
- skin color due to the presence of melanin
- erosion
- to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (i.e. area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)
- melanin
- dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes
- leuk/o
- white
- ulcer
- an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection (i.e. decubitus ulcer)
- urticaria
- hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch (urtica=stinging nettle_
- collagen
- protein substance found in skin and connective tissue (koila=glue; gen=producing)
- laser
- acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth and diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection (cutting of parts for study)
- hyperpigmentation
- darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
- biopsy (Bx)
- removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
- pediculosis pubis
- lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes,beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved (crabs; pubis=groin)
- plaque
- a solid mass greater than 1cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin
- crust
- dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin
- actinic keratoses, solar keratoses
- localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer (actinic=ray; solar=sun)
- squam/o
- scale
- scratch test
- the substance is applied to the skin through a scratch
- electrodesiccation
- use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying-the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion (dessico-to dry up)
- xeroderma
- dry skin
- telangiectasia
- a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiatin from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest (telos=end)
- ichthy/o
- fish
- shave Bx
- technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis
- secondary lesions
- lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
- ichthyosis
- a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin; ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of the many types (vulgaris is Greek word meaning common)
- dysplastic nevus
- a mole with precancerous changes
- lupus
- a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus=wolf)
- herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
- sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
- cicatrix of the skin
- a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix=scar)
- curettage
- to clean; scraping of a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; this technique is used in debridement
- melan/o
- black
- melanocyte
- a cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
- exanthematous viral disease
- eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema=eruption)
- nevus
- congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular-also called a mole
- scale
- a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (i.e. dandruff)
- second-degree burn
- a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)
- skin tests
- methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into the skin-commonly seen in treating allergy
- rash
- a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
- depigmentation
- loss of melanin pigment in the skin
- lesion
- an area of pathologically altered tissue (2 types: primary and secondary)
- pustule
- a pus-filled sac (i.e. pimple)
- epidermis
- thin, cellular outer layer of the skin
- excoriation
- a scratch mark (i.e. from a cat scratch)
- seborrhea
- a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands
- laser surgery
- surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc.
- onych/o
- nail
- seborrheic keratoses
- benign wart-like lesions (seen especially on elderly skin)
- purpuric lesions
- purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrhages into the skin
- alopecia
- baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
- eczema
- to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning
- dermis
- dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin (aka corium)
- furuncle
- a boil; a painfule nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle-caused by staphylococcosis
- tumor
- a solid mass larger than 1-2cm
- electrosurgical procedures
- use of electric currents to destroy tissue-the type and strength of the current and method of application varies
- atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)
- a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, with severe itching and burning; most outbreaks begin in infancy and are marked by exacerbations and remissions that usually clear up before adulthood; occurs in persons with atopy (a genetic hypersensitivity to environmental irritants or allergens)
- melanocyte
- cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
- seborrheic dermatitis
- redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose, ears or eyelashes and developing at any age; referred to as "cradle gap" in infants
- subcutaneous tissue
- connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
- ecchymosis
- bruise; a black and blue mark-large purpura (chymo=juice)
- patch test
- the substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth
- suppuration
- production of purulent matter (pus)
- hidr/o
- sweat
- verruca
- an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus-also called a wart
- kaposi sarcoma
- malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs
- vitiligo
- condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs and genital areas
- malignant melanoma
- a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes-most develop from a pigmented nevus over time
- pediculosis capitis
- head lice (capitis =head)
- fulguration
- to lighten; use of long, high frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin
- albinism
- a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair)
- wheal
- an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (i.e. a hive)
- rubella
- reddish; German measles
- herpes zoster
- a viral disease affecting the peripheral neres characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral-aka shingles (zoster=girdle)
- varicella
- a tiny spot; chickenpox
- chemosurgery
- technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin
- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs
- xanth/o
- yellow
- incision and drainage (I&D)
- incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion (i.e. an abscess)
- xer/o
- dry
- herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
- transient viral vesicles (i.e. cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially around the mouth and nose (herpes=creeping skin disease)
- paronychia
- inflammation of the nail fold
- patch
- a flat, discolored are on the skin larger than 1 cm
- macule (macula)
- a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (i.e. freckle)
- culture and sensitivity (C&S)
- technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused
- squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
- a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
- cherry angioma
- a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
- plas/o
- formation
- adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
- fat
- excisional Bx
- removal of an entire lesion
- burn
- an injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases
- nail
- outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger and toe, composed of keratin
- trich/o
- hair
- dermabrasion
- surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin
- third-degree burn
- a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue
- gangrene
- an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and conditions that affect circulation (i.e. diabetes)
- cryosurgery
- destruction of tissue by freezing- involves application of an extremely cold chemical (i.e. liquid nitrogen)
- sebum
- oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
- pediculosis
- infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo=louse)
- squamous cell layer
- flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis
- primary lesions
- lesions arising from previously normal skin
- acne
- an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodule on the skin (acne=point)
- rubeola
- reddish; 14-day measles
- vesicle
- little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5cm in diameter (i.e. a fever blister)
- keloid
- abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele=tumor)
- epidermal tumors
- skin tumors arising from the epidermis
- nodule
- solid mass greater than 1cm, which extends deeper into the epidermis
- epithelium
- cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
- derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
- skin
- cellulitis
- an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula=small storeroom)
- keratin
- hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
- bulla
- a blister larger than 0.5cm (bulla=bubble) (i.e. second degree burn)
- incisional Bx
- removal of a selected portion of a lesion
- impetigo
- highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted-most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils
- cutaneous lupus
- limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck and scalp
- purpur/o
- purple
- eruption
- appearance of a skin lesion