Civ People
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- Magna Carta
- Limits power of English Monarch (Early 13th C)
- Leo IX
- Idea of indulgences in 1525
- Charles II
- Restores Monarchy
- England
- Constitutional Monarchy
- Petrarch
- Lived in mid 14th C: Author
- Palestrina
- The ultimate consonant composer (1550)
- Constantine
- 4th century: First Roman Christian Emperor. Publishes EDICT OF MILAN, which officially tolerates christianity
- Gregory the 1st
- Standardized Gregorian chant in the late 6th century, allied himself with the Franks, and established papal states
- Pliny the Younger
- Roman governor who was really lazy and didn't like dealing with Christians
- Hundred Years War
- War between England and France: 1350-1450
- Council of Pisa
- 1400: Decides to take power out of hands of pope, mainly: defined by Conciliar Movement
- Johann Tetzel
- Sells indulgences to pay for St. Peters in 1525
- Bernard Gui
- Inquisitor who wrote a manual about it
- Leo II
- Pope who crowns Charlemagne holy roman emperor (800)
- Bubonic Plague
- 1300s: known as black death
- Babylonian Captivity
- The captivity of popes at Avignon over rival claims to the papacy: 1350
- John Calvin
- Post Luther Protestant reformer who believed in predestination
- Vasari
- 16th C art historian
- Pope Urban II
- Called the crusades: (1100)
- Martin Luther
- GRACE: resents Catholic church, creates the Protestants (1525)
- St. Jerome
- Wrote the Vulgate bible
- English Countenance
- Homophony: Sweet Thirds: High voice on top: 1425
- Monteverdi
- First real, true, composer of opera in Early 17th C
- Thucydides
- Greek Historian who charted the pelopenesian war
- English Bill of Rights
- Established in the late 17th C declaring that, parliament gets taxes, appoints army, and makes laws: makes england a republic
- Diocletian
- 4th century Emperor who expands military and divides his land into diocese, as well as increases power of emperor, locks trade and interaction, and oppresses the people but stops the slide of the Roman empire. Also increases autonomy.
- Marcus Aurelius
- Stoic philosopher and emperor who faced war with Gauls, Germanic tribes, and Parthia: also faced natural disasters and bubonic plague (2nd century)
- English Civil War
- civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
- Martin V
- Sole pope after great schism: 14th C
- central plan
- planned around the apse with an ambulatory
- Vitruvius
- Came up with architectural things
- Augustus/Octavian
- First Roman Emperor (1st C)
- Henry VIII
- (1525) Breaks from Roman Catholic Church to form the Church of England: Had Buearocracy, Army, and Taxes
- Elizabeth I
- (1550) Protestant Tudor queen whose reign was astonishing in cultural ways and defeated Spanish Armada
- 30 Years War
- War during the Reformation that started over religion but was made more political by Cardinal Richelieu of France: Between France and Germany: Kills Holy Roman Empire.
- Louis XIV
- Le Roi de Soleil: L'etat, c'est moi: Absolute power: Built Palace at Versailles: 1650-1725
- Oliver Cromwell
- Parliamentarian who raises an army to fight Charles I, but later becomes absolutist himself. (1650)
- Council of Trent
- 1545: decides how to react to the Protestant reformation
- Alberti
- Writes a treatise on perspective
- Charles I
- Continues James' tradition and doesn't call parliament into session. Eventually beheaded (Early 17th C)
- tympanum
- an oval space above the door where there is often a relief
- Hildegard von Bingen
- first female composer and a nun; plainchant; all monophonic (1100)
- Charlemagne
- king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (800)
- Hippocrates
- Greek Pharmacier who didn't like mysticism of medicine
- Thomas Weelkes
- An English composer who was known for his madrigals (1650)
- Charles V
- Issues Edict of Worms, calling for Luther's arrest (1525)
- iconography
- What story the piece is depicting and its historical significance
- John the Baptist
- His cousin who baptizes Jesus when he is claimed by holy spirit
- Book of the Courtier
- Castiglione: how to be a good renaissance man or woman
- William the Conqueror
- First king of England in 11th C: Comes up with Parliament: representative government
- Martin Luther
- Former of the Lutherans and protestants (1525)
- Flemish and Spanish Baroque
- 1650: Rubens and Velasquez
- Calvin
- A French scholar of Luthers who believes in predestination (1550)
- Guido
- Developed musical notation in 9th century through his hand
- Boccacio
- Author, lived in Mid 14th C, wrote the Decameron
- basilican plan
- One main nave, also called a Latin Cross plan
- Leonardo da Vinci
- 1500: Painter of "Last Supper," "Ginevra di Benci," and "Mona Lisa;" uses sfumato
- Louis XIII
- Controlled by Richelieu: 1625-1650
- James I
- Absolute ruler which doesn't agree with the English Parliament (Early 17th C)
- Rump Parliament
- Oliver Cromwell's establishment under his military dictatorship
- Edict of Nantes
- Granted by Henry IV of France tolerating Protestants in 1600