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AP Psychology Unit 5 Vocab

Psychology - 4th Edition - Sternberg - Chapter 5 Vocab

Terms

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Illusions
Distorted perceptions of objects and other stimuli.
Attention
The link between the enormous amount of information that assails our senses and the limited amount that we actually perceive.
N-REM Sleep
Non-rapid eye movement sleep. - The first four stages of sleep, sometimes associated with dreaming.
Daydreaming
A state of consciousness somewhere between waking and sleeping that permits a shift in focus from external events toward internal thoughts and images.
Tranqualizers
Another class of the sedative drugs used for combating anxiety.
Concentrative Meditation
A form of contemplation in which the meditator focuses on an object or thought.
Cock-Tail Phenomenon
Describes what happens when one follows one conversation despite the distraction of other conversations.
Withdrawal
The temporary discomforts that result from a decreased dosage or a complete discontinuation of a psychoactive drug.
Intoxicated
Stupefied by toxins in depressants.
Stroop Effect
Demonstates the psychological difficulty of selectively attending to the color of the ink and trying to ignore the word it forms.
Tobacco
A plant product that contains nicotine, a CNS stimulant.
Tolerance
The process by which individuals experience fewer effects for a given amount of the drug.
Central Nervous System Depressant
A highly addictive class of psychoactive drugs (alcohol and sedatives) that slow the operation of the CNS.
Simulating Paradigm
A research technique for determining the true effects of a psychological treatment in which one group of participants is subjected to the treatment (hypnotized) and the other group (a control group) is not.
Opiates
Narcotics derived from the opium poppy pod.
Blindsight
A phenomenon by which individuals can see but are unaware that they are seeing.
Posthypnotic Suggestion
An instruction given during hypnosis that is to be implemented after the subject wakens.
Selective Attention
The process by which one attempts to track one message and ignore another.
Unconscious Level
Another term that describes the subconscious level.
Hypnosis
An altered state of consciousness that usually involves deep relaxation and extreme sensitivity to suggestion.
Hallucinations
Perceptions of sensory stimuli in the absence of any actual corresponding external sensory input from the physical world.
Barbiturates
Prescribed to reduce anxiety through physiological inhibition of arousal.
Meditation
A state of awareness that depends on techniques for altering consciousness through contemplation.
Insomnia
Afflicts millions and is characterized by various disturbances of sleep.
Sleep Apnea
A breathing disorder that occurs when the sleeper repeatedly (perhaps hundreds of times per night) stops breathing.
Consciousness
One's awareness of both internal and external stimuli and of oneself.
Narcotic
Greek term for "numbness" - Originally referred only to opium and to drugs derived from opium. Derivatives include drugs such as heroine, morphine, and codeine.
Psychoactive Drugs
Produce a significant effect on behavior, mood, and consciousness.
Caffeine
A mild stimulant that is found in a numbe rof drinks that come close to being "national drinks". Coffee = US, Tea = UN, Guarana = Brazil, Mate = Argentina.
Preconscious Level
The level of consciousness that contains information that could easily become conscious but that is not continuously available.
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
Postulates that dreams are the result of subjective organization and interpretation (synthesis) of neural activity (activation) that takes place during sleep.
Subconscious Level
The level at which stored information is not easily accessible.
REM Sleep
The distinctive kind of sleep that is characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and is frequently-though not exclusively-associated with dreaming.
Opening-Up Meditation
The second of the two main forms of contemplation in which the meditator integrates meditation with the events of everyday life.
Cocaine
Probably the most powerful natural stimulant.
Circadian Rhythms
Biological cycles that last about 24 hours in humans and other species.
Narcolepsy
A disturbance in the pattern of wakefulness and sleep in which the narcoleptic experiences an uncontrollable urge to fall asleep periodically during the day.
Amphetamines
A type of synthetic CNS stimulant that increases body temperature, heart rate, and endurance.
Neodissociative Theory
Postulates that some individuals can separate one part of their conscious minds from another part (dissociation)
Central Nervous System Stimulant
Drugs (Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, and nicotine) that arouse and excite the central nervous system.
Opioids
Synthetically produced drugs that have similar chemical structure and effects as opiates.
Hallucinogenic Drugs
A type of psychoactive drug (mescaline and LSD) that alter consciousness by inducing hallucinations.
Overdose
Ingestation of a life-threatening or lethal dose of drugs.
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking - The sleepwalker is able to see, walk, and perhaps even talk, but usually cannot remember the episodes.
Sedatives
Depress the CNS and are used for calming anxiety and relieving insomnia.

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