AP Psychology Unit 5 Vocab
Psychology - 4th Edition - Sternberg - Chapter 5 Vocab
Terms
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- Illusions
- Distorted perceptions of objects and other stimuli.
- Attention
- The link between the enormous amount of information that assails our senses and the limited amount that we actually perceive.
- N-REM Sleep
- Non-rapid eye movement sleep. - The first four stages of sleep, sometimes associated with dreaming.
- Daydreaming
- A state of consciousness somewhere between waking and sleeping that permits a shift in focus from external events toward internal thoughts and images.
- Tranqualizers
- Another class of the sedative drugs used for combating anxiety.
- Concentrative Meditation
- A form of contemplation in which the meditator focuses on an object or thought.
- Cock-Tail Phenomenon
- Describes what happens when one follows one conversation despite the distraction of other conversations.
- Withdrawal
- The temporary discomforts that result from a decreased dosage or a complete discontinuation of a psychoactive drug.
- Intoxicated
- Stupefied by toxins in depressants.
- Stroop Effect
- Demonstates the psychological difficulty of selectively attending to the color of the ink and trying to ignore the word it forms.
- Tobacco
- A plant product that contains nicotine, a CNS stimulant.
- Tolerance
- The process by which individuals experience fewer effects for a given amount of the drug.
- Central Nervous System Depressant
- A highly addictive class of psychoactive drugs (alcohol and sedatives) that slow the operation of the CNS.
- Simulating Paradigm
- A research technique for determining the true effects of a psychological treatment in which one group of participants is subjected to the treatment (hypnotized) and the other group (a control group) is not.
- Opiates
- Narcotics derived from the opium poppy pod.
- Blindsight
- A phenomenon by which individuals can see but are unaware that they are seeing.
- Posthypnotic Suggestion
- An instruction given during hypnosis that is to be implemented after the subject wakens.
- Selective Attention
- The process by which one attempts to track one message and ignore another.
- Unconscious Level
- Another term that describes the subconscious level.
- Hypnosis
- An altered state of consciousness that usually involves deep relaxation and extreme sensitivity to suggestion.
- Hallucinations
- Perceptions of sensory stimuli in the absence of any actual corresponding external sensory input from the physical world.
- Barbiturates
- Prescribed to reduce anxiety through physiological inhibition of arousal.
- Meditation
- A state of awareness that depends on techniques for altering consciousness through contemplation.
- Insomnia
- Afflicts millions and is characterized by various disturbances of sleep.
- Sleep Apnea
- A breathing disorder that occurs when the sleeper repeatedly (perhaps hundreds of times per night) stops breathing.
- Consciousness
- One's awareness of both internal and external stimuli and of oneself.
- Narcotic
- Greek term for "numbness" - Originally referred only to opium and to drugs derived from opium. Derivatives include drugs such as heroine, morphine, and codeine.
- Psychoactive Drugs
- Produce a significant effect on behavior, mood, and consciousness.
- Caffeine
- A mild stimulant that is found in a numbe rof drinks that come close to being "national drinks". Coffee = US, Tea = UN, Guarana = Brazil, Mate = Argentina.
- Preconscious Level
- The level of consciousness that contains information that could easily become conscious but that is not continuously available.
- Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
- Postulates that dreams are the result of subjective organization and interpretation (synthesis) of neural activity (activation) that takes place during sleep.
- Subconscious Level
- The level at which stored information is not easily accessible.
- REM Sleep
- The distinctive kind of sleep that is characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and is frequently-though not exclusively-associated with dreaming.
- Opening-Up Meditation
- The second of the two main forms of contemplation in which the meditator integrates meditation with the events of everyday life.
- Cocaine
- Probably the most powerful natural stimulant.
- Circadian Rhythms
- Biological cycles that last about 24 hours in humans and other species.
- Narcolepsy
- A disturbance in the pattern of wakefulness and sleep in which the narcoleptic experiences an uncontrollable urge to fall asleep periodically during the day.
- Amphetamines
- A type of synthetic CNS stimulant that increases body temperature, heart rate, and endurance.
- Neodissociative Theory
- Postulates that some individuals can separate one part of their conscious minds from another part (dissociation)
- Central Nervous System Stimulant
- Drugs (Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, and nicotine) that arouse and excite the central nervous system.
- Opioids
- Synthetically produced drugs that have similar chemical structure and effects as opiates.
- Hallucinogenic Drugs
- A type of psychoactive drug (mescaline and LSD) that alter consciousness by inducing hallucinations.
- Overdose
- Ingestation of a life-threatening or lethal dose of drugs.
- Somnambulism
- Sleepwalking - The sleepwalker is able to see, walk, and perhaps even talk, but usually cannot remember the episodes.
- Sedatives
- Depress the CNS and are used for calming anxiety and relieving insomnia.