Public Health Test 2
Terms
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- What are some commonalities in college population deaths
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Alcohol
Greeks/Greek Events
Weekends
High BAC
Friends don't take it seriously - Majority of college deaths attributed to what cause
- asphyxia
- Mortality prevention
-
Don't allow to sleep off
Don't leave alone
Walking and talking for two hours after stop drinking
Call 911(Don't drive to hospital w/o being told) - Populations with highest rates of drinking
-
Freshman
Fraternity/Sorority
Res halls
athletes - Why increase in DWI problems after DWI?
-
More cars
More miles driven
More alcohol use - Alcohol related vs. DWI
-
Alcohol related could be driver, passenger, or pedestrian
DWI is specific to driver---but both at .08 - What level does impairment begin?
- .04
- DWI Prevention Model: Agent Factors
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Availability and strength of alcohol
Kinetic energy--moving energy--speeding - DWI Prevention Model: Person
- Age, gender, race, SES, Driving experience and drinking experience
- DWI Prevention Model: Environment
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Time of day
Road and car safety
Weather
Legal Environment
Enforcement
Societal Attitude - Three E's of Safety
- Education, enforcement, engineering
- Dana's 4th E
- economic incentive
- Education
-
Training bar servers
MADD--changing social norms
high school education on alcohol
Driver's education - Enforcement
-
stricter laws
willing to enforce
capacity to enforce
public acceptance
certainty of getting caught, swift, strict penalty, jail, newspaper, special plates - Engineering
- safer cars, roads, realistic public transportation, car breath test devices
- Obstacles bars face in cutting people off
-
pressure to sell
concerns of lost gratuity
customer disputes
difficulty in determining level of intoxication - which e of safety is the most important?
- Don't know!
- Why is increase in perception of getting caught important?
- increased media attention--scares people?
- Where did urine testing begin? Where has it expanded?
- Horse racing--expanded into sports, hiring for certain professions
- Postive factors of urine testing
-
call tell if someone has used illicit drug
easy to screen lots of people
quick fix
no one objects unless they have someone to hide - Urine testing cons
-
doesn't test for alcohol
drugs with least danger found easier
95% accurate
doesn't measure dependency
personally invasive - where might we want to use urine testing?
-
transportation
probation in criminal situations
sports - English Common law
- civil law and criminal law
- Civil law
- case law-contracts, negligence, damgages
- criminal law
- statutes
- drug laws commonly
- criminal laws
- What does uniformed controlled substances do?
-
put illegal drugs in schedules I through V
sets forth penalties - Marijuana laws
-
in MN petty misdemeanor
federal: felony - petty misdemeanor
- fine, but no permanent record (not a crime)
- misdemeanor
- look up
- gross misdemeanor
- look up
- felony
- greatly affects one's ability to vote, obtain certain professional licenses, obtain housing
- DWI/DUI
-
Driving while intoxicated, driving under the influence
alcohol or drugs, in ANY vehicle
CRIMINAL LAW
charges increase with offenses - Can you still be charged if under the legal limit?
- yes, depending on circumstance
- DWI Zero tolerance for under 21
- civil suspension of driver's license for 30 days---ANY amount of alcohol
- implied consent
- by accepting driver's license, you give permission for testing--based on civil law
- refusal
- one year loss of license-on separate offense, can be imposed even if later found not guilty of DWI
- average total cost of DWI-why so high?
- may be in excess of 50,000--why? fines, court fees, lawyers, treatment, insurance
- Dram shop act
- allows for civil recovery (civil law)---if hurt, can sue those who sold the alcohol, especially if sold without license, to a minor, to obviously intoxicated
- crime classification for a minor caught drinking?
- misdemeanor--$1,000 fine, up to 90 days in jail and a criminal record
- 21 year old drinking law
- applies to consumption, purchasing, possession, entering establishment, furnishing to under 21s
- crime classification to someone who provides alcohol to under 21
- gross misdemeanor--3,000/one year
- social host liability
- 21+ who served alcohol, or who had control of premises, injury or harm resulted to innocent person
- Fake ID
- misdem first offense, gross second offense, if you let someone use yours, misdem
- who can parents provide alcohol to?
- their OWN children in their OWN home, not to other children and not outside the home
- what type of law is a noisy party
- local law
- what is a noisy party?
- a gathering of one or more persons in a res area between hours of 10pm and 7am that produces noise that unreasonably disturbs the peace, quiet or repose of a person or persons of ordinary sensibility
- fine for noisy party
- up to 1,000 dollars up to 90 days
- what type of law is the good samaritan law? what does it require?
- civil law! provide reasonable care based on your training
- who is required by law to report suspected abuse
- professionals must report suspected abuse, other may report--report to Child protection services
- minor consent act
- applies to pregnany, abortions, STD's and alcohol drug use
- confidentiality relationships
- lawyer-client, priest-penitent, doctor-patient, husband-wife
- law
- legislation that is passed by a legislative body and signed by an exectutive
- policy
- rules and regulations usually implemented by administrative units to support law. may be inititated by legislative and executive branches but interpreted by the courts
- war on drugs
- started with nixon, little positive effects, many negative effects
- negative effects of war on drugs
- minority imprisonment up to 35X, disenfrahchisement, cant rent housing
- federal vs. states
- generally, fed govt can't tell the states what to do unless an activity crosses state lines---STATE RIGHTS
- feds blackmail
- 55 mph, 21 year old drinking age, .08-threaten to take away highway money
- positive effect of 21 law
- has been reduction in under 21 traffic fatalities
- negative effect
- may be related to increase in binge drinking
- what can states localities do via policy
- prohibit, monopolies, rationing, density of alcohol outlets, retail availability of specific beverages, regulation, hours and days of sales, miimum drinking ages, server training
- liquor license
- state gives counties and cities permission
- harm reduction
-
efforts aimed at reducing the harmful effects of drugs on society
NOT a gateway to legalization - harm reduction based on what principles
-
humanism (people worthy of rights)
pragmatism (deal with reality of problem--people will always use drugs)
public health: how do you reduce harm if can't prevent - specific harm reduction principles
-
drug use is normal,
harms and benefits
cannot be eliminated altogether
harm may be reduced
many young people grow out of drug use
educate non judgemental
requires an open dialogue
respect rights
peer support - drug education under harm reduction
- non judgemental, law and legal rights, how to reduce risks, where to get help
- alcohol harm reduction
- moderate drinking
- heroin harm reducation
- medical care, clean needles, food and shelter, offer treatment
- smoking harm reduction
- low tar cigarettes, restrict smoking in public areas
- hiv harm reduction
- needle exchange, does not increase drug use, decreses hiv infection
- club drugs---new? what are they?
- no, just more media attention lately--ecstasy, rohypnol, GHB, ketamine, methamphetamine, LSD
- after 9/11
- club drugs less pure
- rohypnol last how long
- 8-12 hours
- GHB lasts in body how long?
- clears quickly
- rohypnol
- date rape, anterograde amnesia
- GHB
- CNS depressant, overdoes occurs quickly, impairs memory
- ketamine
- reactions similar to PCP dream like states and hallucinations
- meth
- serious health consequences
- ecstasy
- stimulant effects, followed by confusion, depression, sleep problems, anxiety
- meth consequences
- aggression, violence, psychotic behavior, cardiace neurological damage
- why using ecstasy
- lowering of tensions, love everyone, feel close to others-similar to LSD in 1960's--better communication, see things in a different light
- where and who using ecstasy?
- ravers, high school college, urban gay parties, therapy and self discovery
- what neurotransmitter is affected by ecstasy?
- serotonin depletion--significant because it's especially in neocortex and hippocampus--memory
- harm reduction in club drugs
-
educate on avoiding harms--mixing
testing of pills at raves
plenty of free water, quiet rooms, first aid rooms, temperature, - bio factors from sexuality lecture
- alcohol, stimulants, hallucinoens, maryj, steriods, meds, viagra, antihistamines, gender differences
- behavioral factors
- 25-50% of sex involves intoxications, drunks do dumb things
- social issues
- date rape almost always involves intoxication, domestic violence, FAS, condom usage, birth control, chem dependency and sexual addictions
- education issues
- always discuss combination of alcohol, drugs, and sexuality
- ohio MDMA study, gender diffs
- decreased ejac, variable libido, not thinking of sex. women, varibale effect on orgasm, variable effect on lib, want sex while using
- STI
- frequent intoxicators have higher rates of STI's