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drugs 20

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
anhedonia
the absence of pleasure
erythroxylum coca
coca plant, native to s america; schedule II
laudanum
coined by paracelsus, his secret medicinal mix
addiction mechanism
drugs with addiction potential cause the release or enhancementof activity down the ventral tegmentum, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex pathway
smoking opium
developed in asia; developed opium pipe; started when european seafarers introduced smoking
William Bennett
Director of Office of National drug Control Policy; had gambling problem but denied it
freebase "crack" cocaine
made from the water soluble salt, more easily vaporized, can be smoked; much more dangerous b/c of rapid onset, high addictive potential, greater toxicity
thebaine
opium with little potency; used as synthetic precursos to derive other useful things
first opium war
1839-1842, small battles where British forced some ports to stay open to bring opium; british won; produced the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, where hong kong was given to britain
medicinal effects of opium
analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, cough suppresion, decreased intestinal motility
cocaine
interacts with reuptake transports for norepinephrine and dopamine and blocks them; physiological effects are the same as amphetamine; extremely high addiction potential
opium
if u let poppy flower fall off, a pod remains, if u dry the pod the seeds are used for eating but if u slice the pod and let the ooze flow out, this is what that is
etorphine
1000 times more potent that morphine
codeine
1% opium
James Olds
conducted experiments on rates in 1954 that gave insight to addiction; rats preferred mental stimulation to food, and would feel pain in order to get the stimulation
origin of opium poppy
mediterraneon europe 5k-8k years ago
morphine
10% opium
Companies of opium
BEIC made large-scale production of opium in India; sold opium to chinese for their tea and silk, but the chinese resisted with "First opium war" in 1839
origin of the word opium
from the Greek word 'opos'
second opium war
1856-1860; much bloodier than first one
Friedrich Wilhelm Sertuner
pharmacist who in 1803 purified opium into a crystalline substance powder, named it morphine after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams; first person to extract a chemical substance and purify it
nucleus accumbens
part of the limbic system involved in aspects of emotion
heroin
diacetylmorphine; a synthetic modification of morphine; 3x stronger than morphine b/c it crosses the BBB more easily; made illegal in the Harrison Narcotics Act to set an example of fighting addiction
jean cocteau
french poet; was addicted to opium; wrote the book "Opium: The Diary of a Cure"
traditonal method of using coca
coca mixed with calcium carbonate, which makes the coca less acidic b/c it has an extra proton
papaver somniferum
opium poppy; schedule II; one of only 2 plants listed as contolled (other is peyote cactus)
euphorigenic
chemicals that induce euphoria, including cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, nicotine
bio-psycho-social condition
conditions of addiction
levomethamphetamine
left version of meth. less potent, used in inhalers
dextomethamphetamine
right version of meth. more potent, ileegal

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