lecture and lab cht 10-11
Terms
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- antigen
- a substance that the body recognizes as foreign stimulating the immune system to release antibodies for defense
- embolus
- the breaking away of a thrombus from the vessels wall and floats freely in the bloodstream
- tunica intima
- the lining of the interior vessels made of endothelium (squamous epithelial cells) that form a slick surfact that decreases friction as blood flows through the vessels lumen
- monocytes
- the largest of the WBC's resemble large lymphochytes ecept they have mroe cyotplsm and indented nucleus, they fight against chornic infections like tuberculosis
- hypertension
- abnormal high blood pressure
- pulmonary edema
- leakage of fluid into the air sacs and tissue of the lungs
- antibody
- the recognizers of antigens, foreign substances in the body
- basophil
- WBC with granules staind deep blue with basic dye, pale nucleus and granular appearing cytoplasm
- thrombus
- a clot the develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel example clotting of an artery causing a heart attack
- thromoytopenia
- lack of enough circulating platelets
- pulmonary conjestion
- heart failure on the left side of the heart which is unable to eject the returning blood into the body
- eosinophil
- has a blue red nucleus and has large brick red cytoplasmic granules. increases during allergies and infections by parasitic worms
- leukocytes
- white blood cells and is primary function is to defend the body against disease
- plasma
- fluid portion of the blood
- pericardial cavity
- the space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium
- leukopenia
- abnormal low WBC count caused by certain drugs like corticosteroids and anticancer agents
- coagulation
- blood clotting
- coronary artery disease
- the filling of the blood vessesl with fatty, calcified deposits
- systole
- is the contraction of the ventricles and is the top number 110-150 (normal range) of your blood pressure
- cardiac output
- the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute and is figured out by takeing the stroke volume times the heart rate
- vasoconstriction
- narrowing of blood vessels
- bradycardia
- heart rate slower than normal less than 60 beats per minute
- thyroxine
- hormones and ions that dramatically effect the heart activity such as increased heart rate
- type B
- when anti B serum is used on a slide and agglutination occurs what blood type is this person?
- hematocrit
- the percentage of erythrocytes, RBC's in a sample
- platelet
- irregular cell fragments of blood involved in clotting
- agglutination
- clumping of RBC's
- arteriosclerosis
- is the more general term to describe hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries and arterioles Arterio is Greek for artery, sclerosis means tough or hard.
- pericardium
- the heart is enclosed by a double sac of serous memberane called?
- fibrillation
- a rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscles and is a major cause of death from heart attacks in adults
- hematopoiesis
- blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow, tissue found mainly in the flat bones of skull and pelvis, ribs, sternum and priximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur
- myocardial infarction
- heart attack
- congestive heart failure
- weakening of the heart by clogging of the coronary vessels with fatty buildup, constant high blood pressue or multiple non contacting scar tissue
- purkinje fibers
- Relays cardiac impulses to the ventricular cells causing the ventricles to contract.
- ventricles
- the lower discharging chambers of the heart that makes the heart pump
- chordae tendineae
- are tendinous cords that anchor the flaps to the walls of the ventricles
- stroke volume
- the volume of blood pumped from each ventrical with each contraction
- pulmonary circuit
- carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then returns it to the heart
- diastole
- is the relaxation of the ventricles and is the bottom number 60-80 (normal range) of your blood pressure
- hemoglobin
- iron bearing protein transports oxygen in erythrocytes RBC's
- vasodilation
- relaxation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels producing dilation
- type A
- when anti A serum is used on a slide and agglutination occurs what blood type is this person?
- lymphocytes
- large dark purple nucleus that take up most of the cell volume, a little larger than RBC's, reside in lymphatic tissues playing a role in the immune system
- atherosclerosis
- is a hardening of an artery specifically due to a plaque - a clot of lipid buildup (Lipoprotein cholesterol LDL the bad cholesterol). can be considered a form of arteriosclerosis.
- formed elements
- living blood cells
- parietal pericardium
- the anchor of the heart wall keeping the heart in place
- tachycardia
- rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute
- type O
- contains not antigens and not agglutination occurs what blood type is this person?
- sinoatrial node
- it is cresent shape and starts each heartbeat and sets the pace for the whole heart
- epicardium
- tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall, it is also known as visceral pericardium
- tunica media
- the bulky middle coat of a blood vessel, it is smooth muscle and elastic tissue and changes the diameter of the vessels
- type AB
- when anti A and B serum is used on a slice and agglutination occurs what blood type is this person?
- neutrophils
- multilobed nucleus very find granules respond to both acid and basic stains, stains pink, and they are avid phagocytes
- hypotension
- low blood pressure
- anemia
- low oxygen carring capacity of the blood
- buffy coat
- whitish layer between the formed elements and the plasma
- erythrocytes
- red blood cells its primary function is to bring oxygen in the blood to all cells of the body
- valves
- allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers from the atria to the ventricles and out the great arteries leaving the heart
- aorta
- carries and distributes oxygen rich blood to all arteries and is the largest artery in the body
- tunica externa
- the outer most tunic made of fibrous connective tissue and is basically to suppor and protect the vessels
- leukocytosis
- the indicator that a bacterial or viral infectionis stewing in the body
- systemic curcuit
- supplies oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all body organs its walls are thicker due to distance it travels and the pump action is stronger