The Pharmacy Technician Chapter 1
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- Who published a study of Digitalis?
- British physician, William Withering
- Who was Avicenna and what was he known for?
- Islamic physician whose writings dominated medical thinking in Europe for centuries.
- Who was Dioscorides and what was he known for?
- Greek physician who wrote the De Materia Medica
- What company was responsible for mass production of penicillin during WWII?
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
- In what year was the first case of AIDS documented?
- 1981
- In what year was the birth control pill introduced?
- 1960
- What book would be the best source for locating information about an OTC product?
- The Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs
- What are the 3 volumes of the USP DI?
-
Vol 1: Drug Info for Health Care Professionals
Vol 2: Advice for the Patient
Vol 3: Approved Drug Products and Legal Requirements - What is the most widely used drug in the world and when was it first developed?
- Aspirin - acetylsalicylic acid, was developed in 1899
- What is Shen Nung recognized for and around what year was this done?
- He was the first practitioner of the "trial and error" method around 3000 BC.
- In what month and year what the first human insulin trial done?
- January of 1922
- What is Albert Sabin known for and in what year did this take place?
- In 1957, he developed an oral polio vaccine using a weakened form of the live virus.
- In what year was HAART put to use and what does it consist of?
-
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
Is a combination of 1 protease inhibitor and 2 antiretroviral drugs and its use began in 1996 - What is Alcmaeon known for and around what year was this?
- He saw diseases as a result of a loss of the body's natural equilibrium. This was around 500 BC.
- What was King Mithridates known for and when did he do this?
- He practiced an early form of immunization by building up a tolerance to poisons in 100 BC.
- What is the Shen Nung Pen Tsao?
- Is the 1st official Chinese herbal list, consisting of 365 herbs.
- What were Galen's beliefs and around what year was this?
- Galen believed that there were 4 humours, he advocated bleeding, and he also believed in the scientific method. This was around 162 AD.
- What is the plant, sarsparilla, used to treat?
- Kidney and bladder ailments
- What is James B. Collip known for?
- He developed an extract of insulin pure enough to test on humans.
- What was Paracelsus known for and in what year was this?
- He rejected the humoural philosophy of Galen and used chemistry to create medicinal drugs. He also published a recipe for laudanum around 1500 AD.
- When was the Pen Tsao Kang Mu written and what is it?
- Was completed by Li Shi Zhen in 1580 AD. Is a compilation of 2000 drugs.
- What is quinine used to treat, where can it be found, and when was this discovered?
- In 1630 AD, quinine, which comes from the bark of a Peruvian tree called the cinchona, was used to treat malaria.
- What is Dr. Zabdiel Boylston known for and when did this happen?
- In 1721 AD, in Boston, he distributed the smallpox vaccine.
- What is Edward Jenner known for and when did he do this?
- In 1796 AD, he successfully used a vaccine from the cowpox disease to innoculate against smallpox.
- What is Frederich Serturner known for and when did he do this?
- In 1803, the German pharmacist, Serturner, extracted morphine from opium.
- When and where was the 1st publicized operation using general anesthetic, and what was the anesthetic?
- Ether was used, in Boston in 1846.
- What did Louis Pasteur discover and when?
- That microorganisms cause food spoilage and heat can be used to kill them and preserve the food. Discovered in 1864.
- What was the 1st local anesthetic, when was it first used, by who, and what are the man-made substitutes?
- Cocaine was used in 1884 by Viennese surgeon, Carl Koller. The substitutes are Procain and Novocain.
- When were antitoxins developed and what were they used for?
- In 1890, antitoxins were used to treat diptheria and tetanus.
- What did Alexander Fleming discover and when?
- He discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, in Britain in 1928.
- What hormone did Russell Marker create from a species of Mexican yam, and when?
- In 1943, he created progesterone, the first reliable birth control drug.
- What did James Watson and Francis Crick identify, and when?
- In 1951, they identified the DNA structure.
- What did Jonas Salk develop, and when?
- In 1955, he developed a refined injectable polio vaccine from the killed polio virus. Only the injectable form from the killed virus is still used to innoculate children today.
- What is AZT, and in what year was it first used?
- It was the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of AIDS, and began to be used in 1987.
- When did the Human Genome Project begin, and what is its purpose?
- It began in 1988, and it is to map the entire DNA sequence.
- What is Amgen?
- A biotech company whose first product, Epogen, which is used to treat anemia in dialysis patients, was introduced in 1989.