History-chapter 3
Terms
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- *Indo-European-nomadic people from central Asia that conquered the Harappans and moved south across the Hindu Kush
- Aryans
- *major mountain range in the plains of northern India
- Hindu Kush
- *ancient india set of rigid social categories that determined a person's occupation and economic potential and their position in society
- caste system
- aryans first writing system-1000 B.C-written down for legends, religious chants, and rituals
- sanskrit
- aryan leader-princes
- rajas
- *priestly class-usually considered to be at teh top of the social scale
- brahmans
- warriors-2nd is caste system
- kshatriyas
- *commoners-3rd in caste system
- vaisyas
- *the caste system that was most of the indian population
- sudras
- *lowest level in indian society and not even considered a real part of the caste system
- untouchables
- *the belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death
- reincarnation
- *enlightenment through meditation-nirvana(union with universe as ultimate goal)-moral life(helped people)-ahimsa(non-violent)-dharma-karma-rejection of piests-ritual-and caste system
- buddihism
- the force generated by a person's actions will be reborn in the next life
- karma
- divine law
- dharma
- ultimate reality
- nirvana
- brahman (unchanging, all-pwerful spiritual force)-goal of life:moksha (union w/ brahman)-dharma(religious and moral duties)-karma(all actions that affect a person's fate)-reincarnation-ahimsa(non-violent)-respect for all life
- hinduism
- a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi
- doaism
- student of confucus-founded doaism
- laozi
- the route that was used to ship silk-was from roman empire to china
- silk road
- earliet known indian literature passes from generation to generation-written in sanskrit
- vedas
- chinese traveler-buddhist monk-admired gupta rulers-reported the greatness of the indian civilization culture-visited for several years in fifth century
- faxian
- grandson of chandragupta maurya-considered to be the greatest ruler in the history of india-converted to buddhism and used buddist ideas to guide his rule-set up hospitals for people and animals and ordered that trees and shelter be placed along the road
- asoka
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1-ordinary life is full of suffering
2-this suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves
3-the way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals and to see others as extensions of ourselves
4-the way to end desire is to fol - four noble truths
- the most important river in india culture
- the ganges river
- an aryan leader or prince
- raja
- a method of training designed to lead to such union
- yoga
- people who travel to religious places
- pilgrims
- longest written poem in any written language
- mahabharata
- acheving wisdom in the buddist religion
- nirvana
- merchants-common people
- vaisya
- priestly class
- brahman
- warriors
- kshatriyas
- middle path-nedd to know the four noble truths
- right view
- middle path0need to decide what we really want
- right intention
- middle path-need to decide what we really want
- right intention
- middle path-must seek to speak truth and speak well of others
- right speech
- dont kill-dont steal-dont lie-dont be unchaste-dont take drugs or drink alcohol
- right action
- middle path-dont kill-dont steal-dont lie-dont be unchaste-dont take drugs or drink alcohol
- right action
- middle path-must do work that uplifts our being
- right livelihood
- middle path-do things untill it is completely done correctly
- right effort
- middle path-think good thoughts
- right mindfulness
- middle path-must meditate to see the world in a new way
- right concentration
- eightfold path
- middle path
- an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from generation to another
- aristocracy
- gupta got a lot of economic advances from who?
- pilgrims
- qin emperor?
- qin shihuangdi
- qins official ideology?
- legalism
- the government in power
- regime
- had inspectors who checked on government officials to make sure they were doing their jobs
- censorate
- was built to keep the nomadic people from the north
- great wall of china
- great wall took a lot of what to build it
- effort and many workers
- founder of han dynasty?
- liu bang
- what kind of principles did the han dynasty have?
- confucian
- "martial emperor of han"-added southern regions below chang jiang into the empire-expanded china
- han wudi
- what inventions did the han dynasty have?
- rudder..fore-and-aft...rigging...iron casting
- why did the han dynasty decline?
- weak rulers-enjoying theirselve-too busy with the pleasures of the poor-civil wars
- what were the remarkable achievements of the han dynasty?
- finding sculptures & weapons
- society under han dynasty?
- great prosperity-peasants began to suffer-farming-military and forced labor
- qin dynasty-officials gain their positions by:
- being appointed of dismissed-instead of inheritance
- third philosophy that became popular in china-proposed that human beings were evil by nature
- legalism
- what focused on the fairs of the world instead of the spirits and political?
- confucianism
- what was the kep element of the social system of ancient china?
- male supremacy
- what was china like under the shang dynasty?
- mostyly farming society ruled by an sritocracy whos emajor concern was war
- what was the capital of the shang dynasty?
- they had at least five different capital cities before settling at Anyang
- what was the kings role in the shang dynasty?
- he could choose and remove leaders-was responsible for defending the realm-controlled large armies
- the chang kiang flows across central china and emptys into the _________
- yellow sea