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What is the antidote for Magnesium Sulfate?: Calicum Gluconate
What does magnesium sulfate for?: Controls Seizures in severe pre-clampsia and also prevention of uterine contractions in pre-term labor
Some things you have to observe for when adminstering Magnesium Sulfate are:: Toxicity
Magnesium Levels
Respiratory Depression
Loss of Reflexes
Circulatory Collapse
Muscle Weakness
Over Sedation and Confusion
Extreme Thirst
Hypotension
What is the last reflex to go when about to have a seizure?: Knee-Jerk Reflex
If a person has any of the below symptoms, do not adminster ______________: myocardial damage heart block myasthenia gravis impaired renal function: Magnesium Sulfate
Some symptoms of Magnesium toxicity are:: Thirst
Mental Confusion
Decrease in reflexes
What are these signs the result of: Flushing sweating hypotension depressed deep tendon reflex CNS depression Respiratory Depression: Magnesium Overdose
What do you assess closely during adminstration of Magnesium Sulfate?: Blood Pressure Closely
Respiratory Rate of at least 12 breaths per minute
Presence of Deep tendon Reflexes
Urinary Output greater than 30ml/hr
What should be kept in the magnesium Sulfate?: Resuscitation Equipment
Calicum Gluconate
Syringes and Needles
Abortion is: Spontaneous of elective ending of pregnancy before the pregnancy reaches states legal limit
Antiphospholipid Antibodies: associated with Recurrent spontaneous abortion, fetal loss and severe pregnancy induced hypertension: autoimmune antibodies directed against phosphoplipid in cell membranes
Bicornate Uterus: Malformed uterus having 2 horns
Caudal Regression Syndrome: malformation that results when sacrum, l-spine, and lower extremeties fail to develop
Cerclage: encircling of the cervix with suture to prevent spontaneous abortion caused by early cervical dilation
Dystocia: difficult or prolonged labor, often associated with abnormal uterine activity and cephalopelvic disproportion
Euglycemiaational trophoblastic tumors: Normal blood glucose level
Gestational Trophoblastic disease: disease that include benign hydatidiform mole and gest
Hydraminos: excess amount of amniotic fluid
Hypovolemic shock: acute peripheral circulatory failure caused by loss of circulating blood volume
Kernicterus: Staining of brain tissue caused by accummulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain.
Lipogenic Substance: stimulates the production of fat...ex:insulin
Maceration: discoloration and softening of tissues and eventual disintergration of a fetus retained in the uterus after its death
Marfan Syndrome: a hereditary condition that involves weakness in connective tissue, bones and muscles.
Seroconversion: change in a blood test result from negative to positive, indicating the development of antibodies in response to infection or immunization
Vacuum Curettage: Removal of the uterine contents by application of a vacuum through a hollow curette or canula introduced into the uterus
Spontaneous Abortion: Termination of a pregnancy without action taken by the woman or any other person
Incidence of spontaneous abortion increases with: Parental Age
Most spontaneous abortions occur if the first ______ weeks of pregnancy: 12 weeks
6 Types of spontaneous abortion: Threatened
Inevitable
Incomplete
Complete
Missed
Recurrent
First sign of threatened abortion is: Vaginal Bleeding
Vaginal Bleeding, uterine cramping, persistent backache, or feelings of pelvic pressure are sign of possible: loss of pregnancy
Bleeding in 1st half of pregnancy are considered a: threatened abortion
Fever or Uretrine Tenderness suggest: infection
Woman may be adivised to lay off sex for ___ weeks after vaginal bleeding has ceased: 2
If the woman has a foul smelling drainage, it suggests: Infection
You should always instruct the patient to keep all ________ pads and count number used. She should also note the ______ and ______ of the blood on the pads: Peripads
Quantity and Color
Inevitable abortion is when the: membranes rupture and the cervix dilates
If tissue remains or if bleeding is excessive in an inevitable abortion a ______ procedure may be needed: D&C
Incomplete Abortion is when some but not all of the products of __________ are expelled from the uterus: conception
Major manifestations of Incomplete abortion are ________ bleeding and severe abdominal __________: Active Uterine Bleeding and cramping
Products of conception during a incomplete abortion may still remain in the ________ because of their small size: Vagina
When treating someone who we think is having a spontaneous abortion we should: Monitor BP and pulse frequently
Observe for signs of shock including pallor, clammy skin, perspiration, dyspnea or restlessness
Count and weigh pads
Give Rhogam to Rh-cl within 72hrs
If pregnancy is 12 weeks gestation of beyond, assess fetal heart tones with a (Spont Ab.): Doppler
Collect and organize all data including: antepartal history
onset of bleeding episode
lab studies
Some complications of abortion are: hemorrhage
infection
septic abortion
isoimmunization
powerlessness/feeling of failure
About 50% of spontaneous abortions result from chromosomal ___________ in the embryo or fetus: Abnormalities
Some other factors that may result in spontaneous abortion is:: Infections; herpes, syphillis and Strep B
Progesterone Deficiency
Auto Immune Factors
Drugs and envirnomental chemicals; chemo, cigarettes, alcohol, cocaine, organic solvents
In spontaneous abortion the _____ an infection is treated the __________: Early
Better
What is the classic symptom of spontaneous abortions?: Vaginal Bleeding
When a women is bleeding vaginally, the nurse should ask a series of questions including:: How many weeks pregnant?
Was tissue or amnoitic fluid discharged?
What other symptoms are you having?
Any cramping?
Are they sad or frightenend?
Implantation of a fertalizied ovum outside of the uterus: Ectopic Pregnancy
When does ectopic pregnancies occur?: 1st trimester
Where is the most common site for implantation in ectopic pregnancy?: Fallopean Tubes
If the fallopian tube has become narrowed by scarring or adhesions, ascending infections, PID, use of IUD's or tubel sx you would have an increased risk for: Ectopic Pregnancy
What is the clinical presentation for an ectopic pregnancy?: Unilateral Lower Abdominal Pain, slowly increasing or sudden and severe abdominal rigidity and referred r shoulder pain
If the fallopean tube has ruptured, sign of __________ shock and possible __________ bleeding may occur: Hypovlemic
irregular
What lab tests conferm pregnancy?: B-hCG
What kind of test confirms an extrauterine pregnancy?: ultrasound
What are some therapeutic nursing management for ectopic pregnancy?: Monitor Vitals
Start IV fluids
Provide O2
Medicate for pain as ordered
Prepare pt for sx
Provide pre-op care and teaching
Provide post-op care
When starting IV fluids for someone who is experiencing ectopic pregnancy, you should always us a _____ gauge needle: 18
What kind of labs should be ordered in someone who is suspected in having an ectopic pregnancy?: hCG, CBC, blood group and type, if hemmorrage is suspected also do type and cross match
What is the non-surgical method of ectopic pregnancy?: Methotrexate (Folex)
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy is: Hx of STD's
Hx of PID
HX of previous ectopic pregnancies
Failed tubal ligitation
IUD's
Multiple induced abortions
Maternal age older than 35
Cigarettes
Douching
Early Signs and Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are:: Missed menstral period
Abdominal and pelvic pain
Vaginal spotting or light bleeding
If progesterone is very low, the pregnancy is __________ to be viable: Unlikely
Methotrexate is a cytotoxic drug that inhibits cell __________ in the embryo: Division
Sx management of a tubal pregnancy that is unruptured may involve a linear ________ to salvage the tube for future pregnancies: Salpingostomy
After an Ectopic pregnancy, a women must refrain from having sex, drinking alcohol or ingesting vitamins that have folic acid in them until ______ levels are normal: hCG levels
As a result of abnormal growth, the placenta, but not the fetus develops: Hydatidform Mole
______ ___________ _________ may occur if vesicles of the hydatidform mole enter the womans circulation and embolize to her lungs: Acute respiratory distress
Levels of hCG are ______ because of rapidly proliferating abnormal villi in molar pregnancies: Higher
Some S&S of molar pregnancy are:: Vaginal Bleeding
Uterus larger than expected for the duration of the pregnancy
Excessive N&V due to excessive hCG
Early development of preclampsia
________ __________ is usually used to extract a mole: Vacuum Aspiration
Pregnancy should be avoid for ___ year after evacuation of mole due to high risk of getting __________ cancer which is hidden if hCG is present in system: 1 year
Choriocarcinoma
If someone is Rh- they _____ receive RhD immune globulin: Can
Marginal (low-lying) Placenta Previa is when the placenta is implanted in the ________ uterus but its lower border is >____cm from internal cervical os: Lower Uterus
3
Partial Placenta Previa is when the ______ border of the placenta is within ____ cm of the internal cervical os but does not _________ cover the os: Lower
3
completely
What is Nagael's Rule?: How to find out date of confinement:
7 days +date of last menes - 3 months
What are the Five P's of Labor and Delievery?: Power
Passenger
Passageway/Position
Presentation
Psyche
What are the defense mechanisms of cardinal movements of labor?: Descent
Flexion
Internal
Extension
Restitution
Expulsion
(F.I.E.R.E.D)
What are the 6 P's of Dystocia?: Powers
Passenger
Position and Size
Passageway
Placenta
Psychological Response
What 2 things should you be prepared for with multiple gestations?: Pre-Mature birth and Post-partum hemorrhageI
What are the 6 P's of Multi-Fetus?: Pre-Mature
Pre-Clampsia
Pressure
Placenta Previa
Primary Anemia
Postpartum Hemorrhage
If a baby is coming out Breech, you should do a _________ on a 1st time mom: C-section
If a 1st time mom was going to have the baby breech there is an increased risk for: Intracranial Hemorrhage
Learning Disabilities
What trimester does placenta previa and abruption placenta occur?: 3rd Trimester
What trimester does spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy occur?: 1st trimester
What trimester does hydatidiform mole and incompetent cervix occur?: 2nd Trimester
Is a prolapse cord an emergency?: Yes
Is the cord always visible when prolapsed?: No, not always
What do you do if the cord has prolapsed?: Use a serile glove and push up on the baby.
What is a Prolapse of the cord?: It is when the cord comes before the presenting part of the baby and it causes severe hypoxeia
Hypertonic contractions have a ___________ phase: Active
The contractions in a hypertonic phase are __________ and ______________: Coordinated, but to weak
Hypertonic contractions are managed by _________, induction of ___________, CPD and always prep for a _________: AROM
Oxytocin
C-Section
Medications used for hypertonic contractions are ________ and ________: Oxytocin or Pitocin
Hypotonic Contractions occur during a _________ phase: Latent
Hypotonic contractions are usually _____________ and _________ and can be extremely _________ and ____________: Uncoordinated
Erradic
Painful
Ineffective
Hypotonic contractions cause an __________ resting tone of the ____________: Increased
Uterus
Since there is an increased resting tone of the uterus with hypotonic contractions, this _________ labor, gives prolonged _________ phase, and causes __________ uterine contractions: Lengthens
Latent
Incomplete
In precipitate labor, you deliever in less than _________ hours: 3 hours
Since delievery is so fast in Precipitate labor, the _____ doesn't have a chance to mold to the _________ canal: Head
Birth
Since the head doesn't have the chance to mold in the birth canal in precipate labor, this serious side effect can happen to the babies head: Cephalic Bleeding
With the medication Terbutaline, will it augment or induce the labor?: Augment
With the medications oxytocin and pitocin, will it induce or augment the labor?: Induce
What is the psychological response to pregnancy?: Grief, because you are not going to be the same women you use to be
Uterine Ruptures cause: Excessive Bleeding
Physiological Pregnancy changes in the cardio system include what possible complications?: Venous Congestion
Edema
What is pitting edema: When pressure exerted by a finger or thumb leaves a persisitant depression
Edema of the hands or face may be a sign of what complication?: Preeclampsia
Blood Volume increases ____ to ____%: 30-50%
Because of cardiovascular changes the need for ____ and ____ is increased: Iron and Folic Acid
The body compensates by producing more RBC early in the 2nd trimester by ____ to ____%: 18-30%
Since Blood plasma increases ____ and ____ concentrations decreases causing _________: Hb and RBC
Pseudoanemia
Cardio changes include ________ Blood volume, cardiac output, and HR: Increased
Changes in cardio may cause a _________ heart murmur: Innocent
BP remains ________ with a slight __________ in the 2nd trimester: Stable
Decrease
_________ clotting factors are called DIC: Increased
Most changes in the Ingegumentary System occur due to: Increased Estrogen Levels
Because of physiological changes in the respiratory system ___________ pCO2 in the mother allow for the fetal pCO2 to be _______: Increased
Higher
Maternal Kidneys react to increased pCO2 and releases more bicarbonate which causes: Polyuria
The physiological pregnancy changes in the endocrine system cause the thyroid to _______ slighty during the 2nd trimester.: Enlarge
Because of the endocrine system, _______ and ________ are produced: Estrogen and Progesterone
Estrogen and Progesterone cause _________ and _________ enlargement, __________ coagulation, and cause Sodium and H2O __________: Uterine and Breast
Increase
Retention
In the endocrine system, _______ is increased causing softening of the cervix and collagen of joints: Relaxin
Because of the Human Placental Lactogen, it cause __________ glucose fors and also the avaliability for fetus and also __________ maternal utilization of ________ increasing protein avaliability: Increased
Protein
The Pituitary Gland causes FSH and LH to _________ for anovulation: Decrease
Prolactin is ________ in the endocrine system: Increased
Because of the endocrine system, the human growth hormone is ____________: Increased
The posterior pituartary gland produces _________ and _________: Oxytocin and Prolactin
Oxytocin also ________ in labor and helps the _________ plant down and push out. It also helps with bleeding: Aid
Uterus
Prolactin prepares for ______ after birth: Lacation
Because the thyroid enlarges it _________ the Basal Metabolic rate which causes Palpations, ___________ HR and emotional Liability: Increases
Increased
When the parathyroid enlarges it causes an _________ metabolism of needed calicum: Increase
The pancreas increases production of __________: Insulin
Adrenal Gland activity increases causing an ________ levels of cortisteroids and aldosterone.: Increase
Increased Aldosterone promotes ______ reabsorbation and maintains the osmalarity in the amount of fluid retained: Sodium
Because of the increase in cortisteroids and aldosterone it causes a _________ in inflammatory responses: Decreased
The adrenal gland regulates ________ metabolism: Glucose
Physiological Changes in the immune response causes ________ responsiveness which makes you more prone to infection: Decreased
Physiological changes of pregnancy in the Urinary System causes an ________ in urine output and a ________ in specific gravity.: Increase
Decrease
There is a _________ glomerular filtration rate and a _________ in BUN and Creatine: Increased
Decreased
T P A L: Term Births
Pre-Term Births
Abortions
Living Children
Gravdia: Amount of total pregnancy, including pre-term
Para: Births non-pre-term
Effacement, dilation and cervical changes occur during true or false labor?: True Labor
Descent is: Descent of the fetal presenting part through the true pelvis
Engagement is: when the largest diameter of the fetal presenting part has passed the pelvic inlet and entered the pelvic cavity
Flexion is: flexion of the fetal head so that the smallest diameters pass throught the pelvis
_______ _________ to allow the largest fetal head diameters to match the largest maternal pelvic diameters: Internal Rotation
_________ of fetal head as it passes beneath the mothers symphysis pubis: Extension
_______ __________ of the fetal head to allow the shoulders to rotate internally to fir the mother's pelvis: External Rotation
_______ of the fetal shoulders and fetal body: Expulsion
These are the defense mechanisms of cardinal movements of labor: Descent
Engagement
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation
Expulsion
Inconsistent contractions in frequency, duration, and intensity... Change in activity such as walking does not alter contractions or activity may decrease them... Contractions felt in abdomen and groin... Contractions more annoying than pa: False LAbor Contractions
Consistent pattern of increasing frequency, duration, and intensity usually develops with contractions... Contractions begin in the lower back and gradually sweeps around to the lower abdomen like a girdle... Back pain may persist in some women: True Labor Contractions
What are the 4 stages of Labor?: Stage of dilation
Expulsion Stadge
Placental Stadge
Stadge of Ph
What are the 4 stadges of labor: Stadge of dilation
Stadge of Expulsion
Stadge of Plancenta
Stadge of Physical Recovery for mother and baby
In the first stadge of labor, it begins with the onset of _______ ______ _______ and ends with _______ _________ and _________: True Labor Contractions
Complete Dilation and Effacement
Friedmans Curve is: Labor progression plotted on a graph
What are the 3 phases of the 1st stage of labor?: Latent
Active
Transition
The latent phase last from the beginning of ________ until about __cm of cervical dilation.: Labor
3cm
Cervical Effacement and subtle feal position change occur during what phase of the 1st stage?: Latent
The woman is usually socialable and excited during this phase: Latent
In the active phase, the cervix dilates from ____ to ____cm and dilates more rapidly than in the latent phase: 4-7cm
Effacement of the cervix is completed in what phase?: Active
The fetus descends in the pelvis and ________ rotation begins during the active phase: Internal
The woman becomes more anxious and may feel helpless as the contractions intensify during what phase?: Active
In the transition phase the cervix dilates from ___ to ____cm, and the fetus descends further into the pelvis: 8-10 cm
_____ ____ often increases with completion of cervical dilation during the Transition Phase: Bloody Show
Transition phase is a _____ phase, but intense with very strong _________: Short
Contractions
The woman may have the urge to push down during __________ in the transitional phase as the fetal presenting part reaches her pelvic floor: Contractions
Leg tremors, nausea and vomiting are common during the ________ phase: Transitional Phase
The woman will be _______ and lose control during the transitional phase: Irritable
Contractions come infrequently and progess to moderate strength every ____ minutes with a regular pattern and the duration increases to ____ to ____ seconds during the Latent Phase: 5 minutes
30-40 seconds
Contractions iincrease in frequency, duration and intensity until every ___ to ____ minutes for ____ to ____ seconds and moderate to strong intensity during the active phase: 2-5 minutes
40-60 seconds
In the transitional phase, contractions are strong and occur every ____ to ____ minutes, for ____ seconds: 1 1/2 to 2 minutes
60 seconds
The 2nd stage of labor (Expulsion) begins with complete dilation of _____ cm and full effacement of the cervix and ends with the ______ of the baby: 10cm
Birth
_____ describes the 2nd stage well: Labor
Between contractions in the expulsion stage, the woman may appear ______ or oblivous to her surrondings: Asleep
The third stage (placental) begins with the birth of the baby and ends with the expulsion of the ___________: Placenta
What are these the signs of? -Uterus has a spherical Shape -Uterus rises upward in the abdomen as the placenta descends into the vagina and pushes the fundas upward -The cord descends further from the vagina -A gush of blood appears t: Placenta Separtion
The Schultze mechanism of placneta expulsion is when the placenta is expelled with the shiny, _____ side first: Fetal
Duncan Mechanism of placenta expulsion is less common and it is when the rough maternal side is ________: Presenting
Inadequate uterine contraction after birth may result in: Hemmorahge
The fourth stage of labor (physical recovery) lasts from the delievery of placenta through the first ___ to ____ hours after birth: 1-4
Lochia Rubia: Vaginal Drainage during fourth stage of labor
For comfort of mother after complete birth, cover mother with _____ blanket or hot drinks or soup. Also an ____ pack on the perineum limits discomfort and hematoma formation: Warm
Ice
The fourth stage of labor is an ideal time for the ________ of the new family because the interest of both parents and newborn is high: Bonding
Nulliparious mother: Never had deliever 1st time mother
Parous mother: Already experienced a full labor
These are _________ Signs of Labor: Braxton Hicks Contractions, Lightening, Increased Vaginal Secretions, Bloody Show, An energy spurt (nesting) or a small weight loss of up to 3lbs: Premonitory
5 P's of Labor and Delievery are:: Powers
Passage
Passenger
Presentation
Psyche
Uterine Contractions and Maternal Pushing Efforts are components of the _______ in the 5 p's: Power
The ________ (2nd p) for birth of the fetus consisits of the maternal pelvis and its soft tissues: Passage
Softening of the cartilage linking pelvic bones is because of ________: Relaxin
Female pelvic structure and configuration consists of the ____ pelvis and the _____ pelvis: True Pelvis
False Pelvis
The true pelvis is a ________ portion above the pelvic brim: Shallow
The true pelvis consists of the ______ inlet, midpelvis, and the ______ outlet: Pelvic
Pelvic
The false pelvis has a __________ portion above the pelvic rim and it also ________ the abdominal visera: Shallow
Supports
Diagonal Conjugate is the distance from the ______margin of the symphysis pubis to the sacral promontory and is at least ____: Lower
12.5
True Conjugate is the distance from the ______margin of the symphysis pubis to the sacral promontory and is at least 11.5cm: Upper
11.5
Obstetric Conjugate is the smallest front-to-back distance through which the fetal head must pass in moving through the pelvic inlet, and it is usually about ____cm: 11cm
Transverse is the ________ of all the pelvic inlet diameters and it is located at right angles to the true conjugate and is about ____cm: Largest
13.5cm
Bi-ischial diameter is ___cm: 10
What are the 5 bones on the babies head?: 2 frontal
2 parietals
1 occipital
Sutures are the line of junction or closure between the bones and they permit ______ to accommodate head to birth canal: Molding
Sagittal Coronal Lambdoidal are what?: Suture Lines
What is the passenger in the 5 p's of labor?: The fetus plus the membranes and placenta
The Bi-Parietal Diameter of the babies head is usually ____ cm: 9.5cm
Supine Hypotension: when the mother lays on her back and the fetus is placing pressure on the vena cava causing dizziness, lightheadness, and possible agitation
Nursing intervention for supine hypertension is: Side-lying position
Fetal lie is the orientation of the ______ axis of the fetus to the _____ axis of woman: Long
Long
A longituditional lie the ________ way of delievery, while the ___________ lie makes it prone to c-section: Best
Transverse
Fetal ________ is the relation of fetal body parts to each other: Attitude
The fetal part that enters the pelvis first is the __________ part: Presenting
3 types of presentation are: Cephalic, Breech and Shoulder
Fetal ________ describes the location of a fixed reference point on the presenting part in relation to the four quadrants of the maternal pelvis: Position
________ is a crucial part of childbirth because anxiety, fear or fatigue decreases a womans ability to cope with pain in labor: Psyche
Station is the: descent of the fetal presenting part in relation to the level of the ischial spines
-3
-2
-1
_________
+1
+2
+3
Leopolds Manever is when how you determine the: presentation and position of fetus by placing hands on and around baby
Chief Complaint of Placenta Previa is: Painless Uterine Bleeding
Chief complaint of Abruptia Previa is: Sudden onset of intense uterine bleeding
Incompetent Cervix: inability for the cervix to remain closed long enough during pregnancy for the fetus to survive
S&S suggestng Hemorrhage in abruptio placentae:: Increase in fundal height
Hard board-like abdomen
High uterine baseline tone
Persistant abdominal pain
Systemic signs of early hemorrhage
Persisitent late deceleration in fetal heart rate or decreasing baseline variablity
Vaginal Bleeding that may be slight or absent
Excessive bleeding and fetal hypoxeia are major concerns with: Abrupto Placentae
Hypovelmic shock has signs of (Early Signs): Fetal Tachycardia
Maternal Tachycardia
Weak peripheral pulses
Decreased BP
Increased Respiratory Rate
Cool, pale skin and mucous membranes
Later signs of hypovolemic shock include:: falling BP
Pallor of skin and mucous membranes
Urine output less thanb 30ml/hr
Restlessness, agitation, decreased mentation
Possible causes of ineffective contractions include:: maternal fatigue
maternal inactivity
Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance
Hypoglycemia
Excessive analgesia or anesthesia
Disportportion of maternal pelvis and the fetal presenting part
Uterine overdistension
FETAL HYPOXEIA IS NOT USUALLY SEE IN HYP______TONIC DYSFUNCTION: HYPO
aMINOTOMY OR OXYTOCIN AUGMENTATION MA BE USED TO STIMULATE ________ THAT SLOWS AFTER ITS ESTABLISHED: LABOR
Oxytocin is not given in someone who is experiencing Hyp____tonic contractions: Hyper
Hypotonic in the _______ phase while Hypertonic in the ______ phase: Active
Latent
During hypertonic contractions, _______ drugs may be ordered to reduce uterine resting tone and improve placental blood flow.: Tocolytic

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Number of cards 234