Funal Exam Unit 3
Terms
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- Medicine or Drug + Movement or Motion=
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmaco = medicine,drug
kinetics = movement,motion - List the 4 Steps of Pharmacokinetics:
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1.Absorption
2.Distribution
3.Metabolism
4.Elimination - Process involving the mvmt of a substance from its site of administration, across body membranes, to circulation fluids, the primary pharmacokinetic factro determining the length of time it takes a drug to produce its effect.
- Absorption
- Time before first affects are noticed...
- Absorption Rate
- What is the absorption rate for oral meds?
- Minimum 20-30 minutes
- What is the absorption rate for SQ/IM injections?
- Minimum 5 minutes
- What is the absorption rate for IV meds?
- Immediate Action
- The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to the site of action, involves transport of drug molecules withing the body, and depends largely on blood circulation.
- Distribution (Bioavailability)
- Drug that bind to protein for later use. Some drugs may compete for the sites (drug-drug interaction)
- Protein Binding
- Process of chemically converting a drug to a from that is usually more easily removed from the body.
- Metabolism (Biotransformation)
- Where does metabolism primarily occur in the body?
- In the liver
- Removal of drugs from the body.
- Elimination
- Where does elimination primarily occur in the body?
- The Kidneys
- Urination
- Kidneys
- Respiration
- Lungs
- Defecation
- Bowels
- Perspiration
- Skin
- Lactation
- Mammary Glands
- Amt. of a drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
- Minimum effective concentration
- Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects.
- Toxic Concentration
- Plasma drug concentration b/w the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration.
- Therapeutic Range
- Lenght of time required for a medication to decrease concentration in the plasma by 1/2 after administration.
- Plasma Half-Life
- Higher amount of a drug, often given only once or twice which is administered to "prime" the bloodstream with a level sufficient to quickly induce a therapeutic response.
- Loading Dose
- Time it takes for one-half of the original amount of the drug to be removed from the body.
- Half-Life
- Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation. Only drugs taken by mouth are this.
- First Pass Effect
- What the drug is intended to do for the patient
- Therapeutic Effect
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Unintended but predictable potential effects of the drug.
(Not an allergic reaction) - Side Effect
- A peculiar and unusual rxn or response to the usual therapeutic dose of a drug.
- Idiosyncratic effect
- When combined effects of two drugs acting simultaneously are greater than the algebraic sum or the individual effects of these drugs.
- Synergism
- Medicin that is capable of binding with receptors to induce a cellular response.
- Agonist
- Medicine that produces a weaker or less effective response than an agonist.
- Partial Agonist
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A drug that reduces the physiologic effect of another drug.
Antidotes.
Medicine that blocks the response of another drug. - Antagonist
- Any substance that causes fetal abnormalities.
- Teratogen
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Have not shown an increased risk to fetal abnormalities.
(Folic Acid, Levothyroxine) - Category A
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Studies indicate no risk to animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Acetaminophen, CAffeine, Cephalosporin, Insulin, Ibuprofen) - Category B
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Adverse effects reproted in animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Albuterol, Aspirin, Codeine, Diphenhydramine) - Category C
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Possible fetal risk in humans reported, however consider potential benefit vs. risk may warrant usage.
(Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines) - Category D
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Fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of risk in humans.
Not for use in pregnancy.
(Estrogen, Progestin, Finasteride, Accutane) - Category X