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Funal Exam Unit 3

Terms

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Medicine or Drug + Movement or Motion=
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmaco = medicine,drug
kinetics = movement,motion
List the 4 Steps of Pharmacokinetics:
1.Absorption
2.Distribution
3.Metabolism
4.Elimination
Process involving the mvmt of a substance from its site of administration, across body membranes, to circulation fluids, the primary pharmacokinetic factro determining the length of time it takes a drug to produce its effect.
Absorption
Time before first affects are noticed...
Absorption Rate
What is the absorption rate for oral meds?
Minimum 20-30 minutes
What is the absorption rate for SQ/IM injections?
Minimum 5 minutes
What is the absorption rate for IV meds?
Immediate Action
The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to the site of action, involves transport of drug molecules withing the body, and depends largely on blood circulation.
Distribution (Bioavailability)
Drug that bind to protein for later use. Some drugs may compete for the sites (drug-drug interaction)
Protein Binding
Process of chemically converting a drug to a from that is usually more easily removed from the body.
Metabolism (Biotransformation)
Where does metabolism primarily occur in the body?
In the liver
Removal of drugs from the body.
Elimination
Where does elimination primarily occur in the body?
The Kidneys
Urination
Kidneys
Respiration
Lungs
Defecation
Bowels
Perspiration
Skin
Lactation
Mammary Glands
Amt. of a drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
Minimum effective concentration
Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects.
Toxic Concentration
Plasma drug concentration b/w the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration.
Therapeutic Range
Lenght of time required for a medication to decrease concentration in the plasma by 1/2 after administration.
Plasma Half-Life
Higher amount of a drug, often given only once or twice which is administered to "prime" the bloodstream with a level sufficient to quickly induce a therapeutic response.
Loading Dose
Time it takes for one-half of the original amount of the drug to be removed from the body.
Half-Life
Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation. Only drugs taken by mouth are this.
First Pass Effect
What the drug is intended to do for the patient
Therapeutic Effect
Unintended but predictable potential effects of the drug.
(Not an allergic reaction)
Side Effect
A peculiar and unusual rxn or response to the usual therapeutic dose of a drug.
Idiosyncratic effect
When combined effects of two drugs acting simultaneously are greater than the algebraic sum or the individual effects of these drugs.
Synergism
Medicin that is capable of binding with receptors to induce a cellular response.
Agonist
Medicine that produces a weaker or less effective response than an agonist.
Partial Agonist
A drug that reduces the physiologic effect of another drug.
Antidotes.
Medicine that blocks the response of another drug.
Antagonist
Any substance that causes fetal abnormalities.
Teratogen
Have not shown an increased risk to fetal abnormalities.
(Folic Acid, Levothyroxine)
Category A
Studies indicate no risk to animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Acetaminophen, CAffeine, Cephalosporin, Insulin, Ibuprofen)
Category B
Adverse effects reproted in animal fetus, information on humans not available.
(Albuterol, Aspirin, Codeine, Diphenhydramine)
Category C
Possible fetal risk in humans reported, however consider potential benefit vs. risk may warrant usage.
(Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines)
Category D
Fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of risk in humans.
Not for use in pregnancy.
(Estrogen, Progestin, Finasteride, Accutane)
Category X

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