Mosby chapter 17
Terms
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- absorption
- The process by which drug molecules are moved from the site of entry into the body into the general circulation.
- adernergic
- Of or pertaining to the sympathetic nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which use epinephrine or epinephrine-like substance as neuotransmitter
- agonists
- Drugs that combine with receptors and initiate the expected response.
- antagonists
- Agents designed to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects caused by normal or hyperactive physicological mecheanisms.
- anticholinergic
- Of orpertaining to the blocking of acetylcholine receptors, resulting in inhibition of transmission of parasymapathetic nerve impulses
- bioloical half-life
- The time required to metabolized or eliminate thet toal amout of drug in the boy.
- biotransformation
- The process by which a drug is converted chemicallly to metabolite.
- chemical name
- The exact designation ofa chemical structrue as determined by the rules of chemical nomenclature.
- cholinergic
- Of or pertaining to the effects produced by the parasympathetic nervous system or drugs that stimulate or antagonize the parasympathetic nervous system.
- contraindications
- Medical or physislogical factors that make it harmful to administer a medication that would other wise have a therapeutic effect.
- controlled substance
- Any drug defined in the categories of the comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (also known as the Contorlled Substances Act) of 1970.
- cumulative action
- The effect that occurs when several doses of a drug are administered or when absorption occurs more quickly than removal by excretion or metabolism or both.
- distribution
- The transpor of a drug throught the bloodstream to various tissures of the body and ultimately to its site of action.
- drug
- Any substances thaken by mothe: indjected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body: or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
- drug interaction
- Modification of the effects of one drug by the previous or concurrent administeration of another drug, thereby increasing or diminishing the pharmacological or physiological action of one or bothe drugs.
- drug receptors
- Parts of a cell (usually an enzyme or larege protein molecule) with which a drug molecule interacts to trigger its desired response or effect.
- excretion
- The elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites, primarily by the kidneys: the intestines, lungs, and mammary, sweat glands also may involved.
- first-pass metabolism
- The initial biotransformation of a drug during passage through the liver from the protal vein that occurs before the drug reaches the general circulation.
- generic name
- The official, established name assigned to a drug.
- idiosyncrasy
- An abnormal or percuiar resonse to a drug.
- loading dose
- A large quantity of drug that temporarily exceeds the capacity of the body to excerete the drug
- maintenance dose
- The amount of adrug required to keep a desired steady state of drug concentration
- official name
- The name of a drug that is followed by the initials USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or NF (National Formulary), denoting its listing in one of the official publications; sually the same as the generic name
- parenteral
- Of or pertaining to any medicaiton rout other than the alimentary canal.
- pharmaceutics
- The sicence of despensing drugs.
- pharmacodynamics
- The study of how adrug acts on a living organism.
- pharmacokinetics
- The study of how the boy handles a drug over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distrubution, biotransforamation, and excretion.
- placental barrier
- Aprotective bilogical mebrane that seperaties the blood vessels of the mother and the fetus
- potentiatian
- Enhancement of the dffect of ta drug, caused by oncurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the dffect of the other.
- summation
- The combined effectes of two drugs that equal the sum of the idividual dffects of each agent.
- synergism
- The combined action of two drugs that is greater than the sum of each agent acting independently.
- theapeutic action
- The desired, intended action of a drug.
- therapeutic index
- A measurement of the relative safety of a drug.
- tolerance
- Aphysiological response that requrires that a drug dosage be increaed to produce by a smaller dose
- trade name
- The trade mark name of a drug , designated by the drug company that sells the medication.
- untoward effects
- Side effects that prove harmful to the patient.