AP Chapter 11 Vocab
Terms
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- preston brooks
- was a south carolina congressman. he beat senator sumner with a cane in the us senate. sumner had insulted brooks family and brooks was defending his honor. this was a common reason in the south and he was seen as a hero
- household servants
- has a less physically demanding life than feild slaves. they were nursemaids, housemaids, cooks, butlers, and coachmen. they did not have any privacy because they lived so close to the family, sometimes in the same house. this also caused them to recieve more punishment becuase they were watched so much. many female household servants were raped by their owners
- planter aristocracy
- was the head of the southern society. they determined the political, economic, and even the social life of their region. the wealthiest had home in towns or cities as well as summer homes, and they traveled widely, especially to europe. they were defined as the cotton magnates, the sugar, rice, and tobacco nabobs, the whites who owned at least 40 or 50 slaves and 800 or more acres
- De Bow's Review
- was a magazine that advocated the southern commercial and agricultural expansion. it was founded in 1846 by james b. d. de bow who lived in new orleans. the magazine was evidence of the dependency of the south on the north. it was printed in new york, because no new orleans printer has the facilities for the task and it was filled with advertisements from northern manufacturing firms. it survived from 1846-1880
- head drivers
- were slaves that the overseers trusted and felt were responsible. they acted under the overseer as a foreman. they forced the slaves to work as long as they felt feasible. subdrivers assisted them.
- gabriel prosser
- gathered 1,000 slaves outside of richmond in 1800 to rebel. two slaves gave the plan away, and the virginia militia stopped the possible rebellion before it started. Prosser and 35 of his followers were executed
- the southern lady
- was similar to the middle class white women in the north. they were considered companions to their husbands and caring mothers to their children. they were even more dominated by the men than women in the north because of the men's cult of honor. most lived on plantations or other farms and they were isolated from society. they helped supervise the slave force and did other domestic tasks
- the gang system
- was more common in cotton, sugar, and tobacco farming. the slaves were divided into groups and a head driver directed them to their work. the slaves' day was finished when the driver decided the workday was long enough
- nat turner
- was a slave preacher who led a band of african americans in revolt in 1831. they armed themselves with guns and axes and went from house to house in southampton country, virginia killing 60 white men, women, and children. they were overpowered by white troops, and over 100 blacks were executed in the after math. turner's revolt was the only actual slave insurrection in the 1800s, but the fear of revolts grew because of turner
- crackers
- poor white trash lived in the infertile pine barrens, the red hills, and the swamps. they has small cabins and some did not own any land at all. they did not contribute to farming. instead they forgaged and hunted. some worked on the farms of neighbors, but this was rare since that was what slaves were for. they were sometimes worse off than the african americans but because they are white they were still considered superior to slaves
- the task system
- was the most common in the rice culture. it required a certain amount of work for the slaves to do in a day, for example hoeing an acre. after the slave finished they were done for the day
- sambo
- was an extreme sterotype of slaves. the sambo acted out the role that the white world expected them to. This was in most cases, only an act in front of the white people
- Tredegar iron works
- was part of the growing southern industry. it was located in richmond. although the southern manufacturing was still insignificant compared to the agriculture, but the tredegar iron works compared favorably with the best iron mills in the northeast
- the cavalier image
- was the image of the people who where happilly free from the base, acquisitive instincts of the yankees of the north. white southerners saw themselves with this image which was different than that of the yankees in the north. the southerners were more concerned with the refined and gracious way of life
- Long-staple cotton
- was the kind of cotton that had always been used for the cotton industry in the south. this cotton could not grow in avariety of climates like the newly discovered short-staple cotton, and long-staple cotton was replaced by the more durable and prosperous short-staple cotton.
- slave patrols
- were white groups who stopped wandering blacks and ordered to see their traveling permits. if the blacks did not have a permit they were assumed to be runaways and were immediately taken captive. slave patrols often employed bloodhounds to track blacks who attempted to escape though the woods
- factors
- were brokers who marketed the planter's crops. they lived in towns such as new orleans, charleston, mobile and savannah. they provided planters with credit and often served as bankers for the planters
- elizabeth keckly
- was a slave woman who bought freedom for herself and her son with proceeds from sewing. she later became a seamstress, personal servant, and companion to mary todd lincoln in the white house
- the underground railroad
- was the path for slaves to run away from slavery in the south and eventually reach freedom in canada. it was orgainized by whites, but odds against safely escaping were very high, expecially in the deep south. distances were sometimes far, and the slaves did not know geography, and due to the slave patrols