Psych LAST TEST
Terms
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- Psychotherapy
- the use of psychological techniques and prinicples for treatment
- Biomedical Therapy
- treatments to reduce or eliminate SYMPTOMS of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body (brain) functions
- Anti-Anxiety Drugs
-
(tranquilizers) makes you less excitable and more tranquil
symptoms: extreme stress, anxiety, or problems sleeping
side effects: fatigue, drowsiness, motor-impairment
extended use can cause dependancy
inhibition
ex: Xanax & Valium - Antidepressants
-
used to regulate mood
3 types:
tricyclics
SSRI's
MAO inhibitors - Tricyclics
-
increase particular neurotransmitters like norepinephrine 7 seratonin
- works on 60-70% of all depressed ppl
- takes 2-4 weeks to start working
side effects: restlessness, fainting, trembling
ex: Elavil - SSRI's (selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor)
-
keeps seratonin form leaving the synapse where it can excite the neurons
ex: prozac - MAO Inhibitors
-
they are toxic to your body
-Dietary restrictions
ex: Nardil - Lithium
- used for bi-polar patients- keeps you from reaching the extremes of emotion
- Anti-Psychotic drugs
-
diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations & delusions, improve social behavior & producs better sleep patterns
- it is an inhibitor- blocks dopamine
- used for severely mentally disordered patients esp. schizophrenics
ex: clozapine & thorazine
side effect: tardive dyskinesia (twitches, shaking) - Tardive dyskinesia
-
symptoms like parkinsons disease
-twitching, shaking - Cognitive Therapy
-
- helping the client reorganize thoughts
- challenge any distortions
used for: depression & phobias
(drawing) -
Stimulus- Thought- Emotion
(Cog. therapy) -
- thoughts mediate between stimuli and emotions
(drawing) - behavior- thought- emotion
- (drawing)
- collaborative partners
- - client and therapist work together, both have homework
- Rational emotive Therapy (REBT)
-
-Albert Ellis
- we all strive to be happy
- we are all prone to adopting irrational beliefs and behaviors which stand in the way of our happiness
-irrational words - irrational words
-
should, ought, must...
EXTREME WORDS- lead to sadness 7 guilt - ABC Framework
-
A- Activating events
B- Beliefs
C- Consequences - A- Activating events
- look at actual events and the client's interpretation of them
- B-Beliefs
- our evaluations- are they rational or irrational?
- C- consequences
- emotions, behaviors, and other thoughts
- Goal of ABC
-
disputing irrational beliefs
(ones with major emotional impact) - 3 primary insights (REBT):
-
1)choice involved- concious or unconcious to choose to think rationally or irr.
2)conditions and past do not disturb you, it's your choice how you interpret the past, present, and conditions of your life
3) It's hard work, but you can chage your philosophies and become healthy - Rational Therapy
-
help clients replace their absolutist philosophies (irr. words)
- all humans are failable- life is not easy - Rational therapy homework
- looking at your irrational beliefs and find a more rational way of looking at it
- coping mechanism
- you end up developing one so you can find and attack irrational beliefs
- Behavioral Psychotherapy
-
1- Behavioral therapy(Classical conditioning)
2- Behavioral modification
(Operant Conditioning)
try to replace undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones - Systematic desensitization
-
Wolpe
a technique where anxiety may be reduced by counter-conditioning using relaxation- use opposite feeling to unlearn a fear
1) Relaxation
2) Need to construct an anxiety hierarchy
3) pair relaxation w/ anxiety hierarchy - Flooding
-
- fear evoking stimuli are presented in one's imagination or live
- the therapist continues to provide fresh anxiety provoking cues as the client becomes calmer
- body brings back calm becuase you must balance out - Assertiveness therapy
-
modifying maladaptive interpersonal behaviors
step-by- step
relearn how to behave properly (while giving a speech, etc.) -
Behav. mod.
Token economy -
get a reward based on the number of tokens you recieve for doing something (ex. stickers, stars, etc. are recieved for doing chores)
have to give something that is considered rewarding to the person - Humanistic Therapy
-
-looks at the whole person
- behav. is connected to self-image and inner feelings
- look at meaning, how we see ourselves
- how we see ourselves
- focus on the "HERE AND NOW" -
5 basic humanistic viewpoints
conditions of self- worth
self- actualization -
1) a person is more than a sume of their parts as a whole
2)Interpersonal relationships
3)A person is aware of who they are and how they respond to the world
4)WE have free will
5)A person is conciously deliberate - Person- Centered therapy
-
Catrl Rogers
If certain conditions are present in the attitude of the therapist, than powerful growth will take place in the client - 3 things that must be in place in Humanistic therapy
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1) genuiness
2) Empathy
3) Unconditional Positive regard - genuiness
- the ability of the therapist to be aware of their own inner experience and allow it to come out in therapy
- Empathy
- The therapist must be able to understand what the client is experiencing
- Unconditional positive regard
-
full acceptance and caring for the client
non-judgemental and understanding - Existential Therapy
-
focuses on finding meaning in your life
- freedom to make choices
- awareness of our individualism
- the threat of meaninglessness
- THE MEANING OF EXISTANCE - goals of Existential Therapy
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1) increasing self- awareness and authentic liviing
2) taking responsibility for and looking at the consequences of your choices
3)finding personal meaning in your life
4) coping with anxiety
5) living in the present - Group Therapy
-
- a group of clients and 1 or 2 therapists
- one main theme for the group
-focus on interpersonal relationships & interactions
- group members learn from each other
- group leads discussion
-10-15 sessions several yrs
-1-3 hrs. long once every 2 weeks
ex:(prisons, eating dis., grief, support groups) - Family Therapy
-
Freud & Roger
- the most influential force comtrolling human behavior is internal, subjective beliefs that a subject has about their family
-looks at patterns of interaction & behavior - Open System (fam therapy)
-
during therapy the family is seen as an open system- triangles w/ in system
1) which parts are interconnected
2)Is it stable?
ex: dad- mom- child interconnected
- can't understand one person without understanding the other parts -
goal of triangle
(drawing) -
understanding WHAT is happening- can break pattern and form helathier relationships - pos. interaction
- creates an emotional network
- try to change interactions within triangle
-outside factors coming into triangle can create new triangles - Psychoanalysis
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- Freud
-min.2 yrs.
1) requires daily visits
2) psychiatrists
3) hardly say aything- only talk to make interpretation
4) lie on couch w/ analyst out of sight
5)say WHATVER comes to mind- free association
-not really used anymore - Psychodynamic therapy
-
- uses sam principles of understanding mind as psycho ana. diff techniques
1) meet once a week
2) client & therapist sit face to face
3) more communication between the two- "directive"- therapist can guide
- still looking at unconcious motivation - Free association
- Say WHATEVER comes to mind- even rambling
- transference
-
client experiences feelings towards the therapist (ex: love, jealousy, anger, hate)
- can cause probs. w/ therapy
- feelings may stem from a past relationship (are brought out)
- feelings have no realtion to the therapist - counter- transference
- therapist develops feelings for the client (usually sexual)
- Resistance
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anything that interrupts the progress of analysis(ex: being late, missing a session, avoiding particular issues)
- defense mechanism
- usually comes up when you hit a subject that you don't want to talk about - Dream interpretation
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unconcious motivations come through in symbols in dreams
1-12 sessions- breif therapy
20 sessions
2 yrs. + bolsters - Drug therapy
- Biological treatment in which drugs are perscribed in order to produce specific changes in mood or behavior
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
-
- for SEVERE or unresponsive depression
- a low voltage electric current is applied to patient's brain for a few miliseconds
- risks of memory impairment and brain damage
-probably increases the supply of neurotransmitters
- very effective method- esp. when nothing else works - psychosurgery
- ?
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- help people not be self- defeating
- Gestalt Therapy
- Talking to a chair