Science-1st Trimester Test
Terms
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- Some of the skills that scientists use (there are 10)
- 1) Posing questions 2) Making Observations 3) Making Inferences 4) Developing hypotheses 5) Designing experiments 6) Making measurements 7) Collecting Data 8) Interpreting data 9) Drawing conclusions 10) Communicating
- A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is a
- Scientific theory
- True or False. In science, a hypothesis doesn't have to be testable.
- False. A hypothesis must be testable.
- Researchers must be able to carry out 1.______ and gather 2.______ that will either 3._____ or 4.______ the hypothesis.
- 1.investigations 2.evidence 3.support 4.disprove
- ______ is a way of learning about the natural world.
- science
- the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world
- scientific inquiry
- a possible explanations for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
- hypothesis
- factors that can change in an experiment
- variable
- the one variable that is changed to test a hypothesis (independent variable)
- Manipulated Variable
- an experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the same
- Controlled experiment
- a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
- scientific theory
- What are 6 Characteristics that all living things share?
- 1. cellular organization 2. contain similar chemicals 3. use energy 4. grow and develop 5. respond to their surroundings 6. reproduce
- Who was one of the first people to observe cells?
- Robert Hooke
- A change in an organism's environment that causes the organism to react is called a(n) _______________
- stimulus
- Organisms that make their own food are _________
- autotrophs
- All living things are called ________.
- organisms
- The ______ is the basic unit of structure in an organism.
- cell
- An organism reacts to a stimulus with a ____________.
- response
- The cell theory states:
- 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. All cells are produced from other cells
- Magnifies high-power and low-power
- Objective lenses
- reflects light upward through the diaphragm
- mirror
- supports the slide being used
- stage
- tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within a cell
- organelle
- rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms
- cell wall
- controls what goes into and out of a cell
- cell membrane
- cell's control center and directs the cell's activities
- nucleus
- clear, thick, gel-like fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- cytoplasm
- produces most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions, rod shaped structure
- mitochondria
- capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell, gives plants their green color
- chloroplast
- strorage area for a cell, plant cells usually have one large one, most animal cells usually don't have any
- vacuole
- List 3 ways that cells use water:
- 1. keep their size and shape 2. most chemical reactions within cells need water to take place 3. it helps the temperature of the cell keep from changing rapidly
- any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
- element
- the chemical combination of two or more elements
- compounds
- an energy-rich organic compound such as sugar
- carbohydrate
- large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur
- proteins
- small molecules that make up proteins
- amino acids
- type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things
- enzymes
- an energy-rich organic compound such as fat
- lipids
- very large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
- nucleic acids
- type of nucleic acid that passes from parent to offspring and directs all the cell's functions
- DNA
- type of nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
- RNA
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that _______________
- some substances can pass through while others cannot
- What is the process of diffusion?
- It's when molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- What is Osmosis?
- It's the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- How do nearly all living things obtain energy?
- either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis
- What is respiration?
- the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose
- What is Mitosis?
- the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into 2 nuclei
- the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
- passive transport
- the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
- active transport
- provides energy for cells without using oxygen
- fermentation
- occurs in yeast and some other single-cell organisms, alcohol is the product when the organisms break down sugar
- Alcoholic fermentation
- final stage of cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides, distributing organelles into each of the 2 new cells
- cytokinesis