Lit Review
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- Poet—extravagant with words—wrote mostly free verse—seemed to celebrate everything—published some his own works
- Walt Whitman
- Dramas, originally under church control, that were based on the lives of the saints
- Miracle
- He is said to have said, "The unexamined life is not worth living."
- Socrates
- In the language of the people rather than in some scholarly language such as Latin
- Vernacular
- Wrote a history into which he threw nearly everything he'd ever read—source of much misinformation
- Pliny
- Greatest Tragic Writer
- Seneca
- Active desire to raise downtrodden from their low circumstances
- Humanitarianism
- A "learned comedy" designed for small courtly audience in Italy—early efforts based on Plautus and Terence
- Commedia Erudita
- The woman (representing faith) who guided Dante on the final leg of his 3-stop Holy Week journey through the afterlife
- Beatrice
- Intended to "induce wonder, pity, and horror"—often lengthy, bloody, complicated (and boring to modern audiences)
- Italian Tragedy
- The result of the years of mingling the language of the Normans and the language of the Anglo-Saxons
- Middle English
- All 6 of his plays (4 based on Menander originals) survive; refined language, subtle humor, complex story lines
- Terrence
- A combination of grace and nonchalance
- Spretzzatura
- Said, "I may disagree with what you say , but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
- Voltaire
- Name for the 3-line stanzas that were the basic structural unit of The Divine Comedy
- Terza Rima
- Wrote The Book of the Courtier
- Castiglone
- Improvised comedy with stock characters often in half masks and exaggerated costumes—performed by traveling troupes
- Mime
- Wrote The Aeneid—Rome's epic of the founding of the city
- Vergil
- Said, "Cogito ergo sum"
- Descartes
- Belief that matters of ultimate reality (God, the Cosmos, the self) go beyond human experience
- Trancendentalism
- Wrote Spirit of the Laws—USA's founders influenced by his thinking and that of Locke
- Montesqieu
- Poet called the 10th Muse by peers
- Sappho
- This literary work complained about the "gift devouring" aristocracy
- Works and Days" Hesiod
- Belief that God created the world but does little to influence its ongoing natural processes
- Deism
- It is Achilles' story—the gods
- The Illiad
- Wrote books and articles on self-sufficiency and civil disobedience—influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
- Henry David Thoreau
- Said, "man is born free and everywhere he is in chains"
- Rousseau
- Exaggerated pride—holding oneself equal to the gods
- Hubris
- Novelist and short story writer—works often set in Puritan New England—explored guilt and other dark aspects of humanity
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Wrote Don Quixjote
- Cervantes
- Dramas, originally under church control, that were based on Bible stories
- Mystery
- Great writer of new comedies; used stock characters; situational comedies concerned with ordinary happenings of contemporary life
- Menander
- They helped inspire artists in nine categories of artistic endeavor
- Muses
- Born of bloodshed, they punished those who escaped public justice
- Giants and Furies
- Driving force behind assembling, editing, and publishing The Encyclopedia
- Diderot
- This artistic genre was created by Renaissance Italians when they attempted to re-create Greek drama
- Opera
- How many lines are required for a poem to be considered a sonnet?
- 14
- Dramatist—often in trouble with political leaders, skeptical about myths, increased focus on tragic choice, presented men as they are
- Euripides
- These comedies reflect political changes in Athens after Peloponnesian War—most political commentary gone
- Middle Comedy
- Wrote a lot, wrote fast—plays include puns, satire, parody, backchat, and slapstick humor
- Plautus
- Legendary founder of Greek drama—created first actor (speaker separate from chorus)
- Thespis
- Frankenstine
- Mary Shelley
- Poet—precise, meticulous choice of words—controlled rhyme and meter—delicate, small poems—most published after author's death
- Emily Dickinson
- Novelist—works often set at sea—keenly interested in conflict between good and evil
- Herman Melville
- Poetic foot consisting of 2 syllables (the first unstressed, the second stressed)
- iambic
- How many metrical feet are in a pentametric line?
- 5
- Introduced 3rd actor, closely aligned with those in power, conventional religious values, presented men as they should be
- Sophocles
- These blind sisters controlled the destinies of mankind
- The Fates
- Dramas—originally under church control—didactic allegories in which characters had names of virtues, vices, or other qualities
- Morality
- Greek philosopher who linked morality with the golden mean
- Aristotle
- For what group were the lowest reaches of Hell reserved in Dante's great work?
- Traitors
- The woman idealized by Petrarch and celebrated in his sonnets
- Lora