Comm1310 final
Comm 1310 Final
Terms
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- Creating a reason to listen
- motivate your listeners to continue to listen to you
- Concrete words
- a word that refers to an object, or describes an action or characters in the most specific way possible. (there exists no dispute over the definition of the word)
- Chronologically
- by time or sequence
- Internal Summaries
- a recap of what has been said so far in this presentation
- Value
- a claim that calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something
- Repetition
- emphasizing a key word or phrase by using it more than once
- Policy
- a claim advocating a specific action to change a policy, procedure, or behavior
- Analogies
- a comparison between two ideas, things, or situations that demonstrator how something unfamiliar is similar to something the audience already understands
- Impromptu
- delivering a presentation without any advance preparation
- Articulations
- the production of clear and distinct speech sounds
- Objects
- Eiffel Tower, Violins, digital cameras, toys, etc...
- Personal Attack
- attacking irrelevant personal characteristics of someone connected with an idea, rather than addressing the idea itself.
- Internal Previews
- preview within the speech that introduces ideas still to come
- Credibility (ethos)
- an audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism/charisma
- Inductive Reasoning
- using specific instances or examples to reach a probable general conclusion
- Rate
- how fast or slowly a speaker speaks
- Needs
- convincing priorities are higher than others
- Final Summaries
- a recap of all the main points of a presentation, usually occurring just before or during the conclusion
- Fact
- a claim that something is or is not the case or that something did or did not happen
- Eye contact
- lets your audience know you are interested in them
- Statistics
- numerical data that summarizes examples
- Figurative language
- language that deviates from the ordinary expected meaning of words to make a description of comparison unique, vivid, and memorable
- Opinions
- a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty
- General Purpose
- the broad reason for giving a presentation; to inform, persuade, or entertain your audience
- Verbal Transitions
- a word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas
- Simile
- an overt comparison between two things that uses the word like or as
- Metaphor
- an implied comparison between two things
- Gaining attention
- give your audience a reason to listen to you
- Dynamism/charisma
- an audience's perception that a speaker is energetic or excited
- Topical
- determined by the speaker's discretion or by the recency, primacy, or complexity
- Values
- an enduring conception of right and wrong
- Correct words
- a word that means what the speaker intends, and is grammatically correct in the phrase in which it appears
- Verbal delivery
- helps the audience remain interested and understand you
- Memorized
- delivering a presentation word for word from memory without using notes
- Complexity
- from simple to more complex material
- Presentation aids
- objects that may help the audience better understand your presentation
- Pitch
- how high or low a speaker's voice is
- Preparation outline
- Detailed outline of a presentation that includes main ideas, sub points, and supporting material. They may also include specific purpose, introduction, blueprint, internal previews and summaries, transition and conclusion.
- Proof (logos)
- evidence plus reasoning
- Drama
- phrasing something in a way that differs from the way the audience expects
- Procedures
- How to surf the Internet, how laws are made, how to refinish furniture
- Suspension
- withholding a key word or phrase until the end of a sentence
- Persuasion
- the process of attempting to change or reinforce a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
- Casual
- making a faulty cause-and-effect connection between two things or events
- Descriptions
- word pictures
- Facial Expressions
- key role in expressing your thoughts, emotions, and attitudes
- Preview
- a statement of what is about to come
- Summaries
- a recap of what has been said
- Spatial
- according to location, position, or direction
- Volume
- the softness or loudness of a speaker's voice
- Introducing topic
- tell the audience what you will be presenting
- Alliteration
- the repetition of a consonant sound several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence
- Extemporaneous
- speaking from a written or memorized outline without having memorized the exact wording of the presentation
- Previews
- a statement of what is to come
- Parallelism
- using the same grammatical structure fro two or more clauses or sentence
- Summaries
- a recap of what has been said
- Chronological
- by time or sequence
- Delivery outline
- Condensed and abbreviated outline of a presentation, from which speaking notes are derived.
- Previewing main ideas
- give an idea of your main topic to your audience
- Manuscript
- reading a presentation from a written text
- Cadence
- the rhythm of language
- Vivid words
- a colorful word
- Unbiased words
- a word that does not stereotype, discriminate against, or insult any sexual, racial, cultural, or religious group
- Either-or
- oversimplifying an issue as offering only two choices
- Informative speaking
- to share information with others to enhance their knowledge or understanding of information, concepts, or the ideas you present.
- Logical fallacy
- false reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate
- Newspaper
- a daily or weekly paper containing news and articles
- Recency
- more important material last
- Government documents
- materials published by any government agency
- Specificity
- specific info ? general overview OR general overview ? specific info
- Casual Reasoning
- relating two or more events in such a way as to conclude that one or more of the events causes the others
- Hasty Generalization
- reaching a conclusion without adequate supporting evidence
- Primacy
- more convincing or least controversial material first
- Soft-to-Hard evidence
- from hypothetical illustrations and opinions to facts and statistics
- Problem/Solution
- discussing first a problem and then various solutions
- Attitudes
- a learned predisposition to respond (un)favorably to something; a like or dislike
- Delivery cues
- a reminder of how to speak or move during a presentation, which is often written on a speakers note cards. Examples: "Louder", "Pause", "Walk 2 steps left"
- Periodicals
- a popular magazine or professional journal
- Dissonance
- incompatibility between your behavior and your new knowledge
- Explanations
- a statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in it's present or past form
- Initial Previews
- first statement of the main idea of a presentation, usual presented with or near the central idea
- Establishing credibility
- why the audience should believe what you tell them
- Believes
- a sense of what is true or false
- Positive or Negative Appeals
- if you do THIS, than THIS will happen.
- Physical delivery
- purposeful gestures and movement help interact with your audience
- Appeal to misplaced Authority
- using someone without the appropriate credentials or expertise to endorse an idea or product
- Red Herring
- irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion
- Ideas
- Freedom of speech, evolution, Buddhism
- Reference resources
- encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, atlases, almanacs, yearbooks
- Posture
- a speakers stance
- Non-sequitur
- Latin for 'it does not follow'; an idea or conclusion that does dnot logically follow the precious idea or conclusion
- Specific Purpose
- what you want your audience to know at the end
- Cause and Effect
- organization by discussing a situation and it's causes, or a situation and it's effects
- Specific Purpose
- a concise statement of what listener should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the presentation
- Bandwagon
- suggesting that because everyone believes something or does something, it must be valid, accurate, or effective
- Personification
- the attribution of human qualities to inanimate things or ideas
- Antithesis
- a two-part parallel structure in which the second part contracts in meaning with the first
- Central Idea
- a definitive point about your topic
- Appearance
- enhances your credibility, effects how the audience will respond to you
- Definitions
- a statement of what something means
- Omission
- leaving out a word of phrase the audience expects
- Problem and Solution
- organization by discussing first and problem and then it's various solutions
- Evidence
- material used to support a point or premise
- Non-verbal Transitions
- facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that indicates a speaker is moving from one idea to the next
- Trustworthiness
- an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as believable and honest
- Deductive Reasoning
- moving from a general statement or principal to reach a certain specific conclusion
- Simple words
- a short word known to most people who speak the language
- Reasoning
- the process of drawing a conclusion from evidence
- Refutation
- organization according to objections your listers may have to your ideas and arguments
- Movement
- change of location during a presentation
- Reasoning
- the process of drawing conclusions from evidence
- Competence
- an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects weather the speak is perceived as informed, skilled, and knowledgeable
- People
- Abraham Lincoln, Mike Patton, Christian Bale
- Illustrations
- a story or anecdote that provides and example of an idea, issue, or problem that the speaker is discussing
- Inversion
- reversing the normal word order of a phrase or sentence
- Cause/Effect
- discussing a situation and it's causes or a situation and it's effects
- Signposts
- organizational cues for your audience to help organize your message
- Gestures
- movements of the hands and arms to communicate ideas