History Vocab 2
End-Term vocab
Terms
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- Indulgence
- A grant by the Catholic Church that released a person from punishment for sins
- Latitude
- A measure of how far north or south a place on Earth is from the equator
- Aviary
- An enclosed space or cage for keeping birds
- Playwright
- An author of plays
- Slash-and-burn Agriculture
- A farming technique in which vegetation is cut away and burned to clear land for growing crops
- Hereditary
- Passed on from parent to child; inherited
- Oracle
- A person through whom a god or spirit is believed to speak
- Ritual
- A set of actions that is always performed the same way as part of a religious ceremony
- Meditation
- A spiritual discipline that involves deep relaxation and an emptying of distracting thoughts from the mind
- Puritan
- A Protestant who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church of Catholic elements
- Pagoda
- A tower-shaped structure with several stories and roofs
- Dowry
- A gift of money or goods presented to a man or woman upon marriage
- Martial Arts
- Styles of fighting or self-defense, such as modern-day judo abd karate, that mostly began in Asia
- Comedy
- An amusing play with a happy ending
- Blasphemy
- An act of disrespect toward God
- Courtier
- A member of a ruler's court
- Constitutional Monarchy
- A form of government in which the monarch's power is limited by a basic set of laws, or constitution
- Thermometer
- An instrument used for measuring temperature
- Plaza
- A public square or other open area in a city where people can gather
- Imperial
- Belonging or related to an emperor
- Hoist
- A mechanical device used to lift people of heavy objects
- Dialect
- A regional variety of a language
- Inflation
- An increase in the suppleof money compared to goods, resulting in higher prices
- New Testament
- The second part of the Christian Bible, which includes the Gospels and other writings of the early Christian chruch
- Natural Rights
- Rights that belong to people "by nature", that is, simply beacuse they are human
- Circumnavigate
- To travel completely around something, such as Earth
- Northwest Passage
- A water route through North America connecting the Alantic and Pacific Oceand
- Geocentric
- Having Earth at the center(Geo is Greek for "Earth")
- Heresy
- Beliefs that contradict the offical teachings of a religion or church; one who holds shuch beliefs is called a heretic
- Microscope
- An instrument that uses lenses to make smaller objects appear largers
- Litter
- A seat of chair on which a person is carried; a kind of carriage for high-ranking people
- Syllable
- A unit of sound in a word; for example, unit has two syllables, "u" and "nit"
- Chapel
- A room, sometimes inside a larger church, set aside for prayer and worship
- Tolerance
- The acceptance of differednt beliefs and customs
- Divination
- The art of telling the future or finding hidden knowledge through religious means
- Strait
- A narrow body of water that connects two seas
- Suspension Bridge
- A bridge whose roadway is held up by cables that are anchored on each end of the bridge
- Cottage Industry
- A small-scale business in which people work mostly at home
- Barometer
- An instrument used for measuring changes in the pressure of the atmosphere
- Absolute Monarchy
- A monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited`
- Holy Communion
- In Christian ritual, the sharing of bread and wine that has been consecrated by a priest or minister(also called the Eucharist)
- Semidivine
- More than human but not fully a god
- Massacre
- The killing of many helpless or unresisting people
- Denomination
- A particular religious grouping within a larger faith; for example, the Lutheran church is a denomination of Christianity
- Noh Theater
- A classic form of Japanese drama involving heroic themes, a chorus, and dance
- Separation of Powers
- The division of powers among seperate branches of government
- Rationalism
- Belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge
- Plantation
- A large farm where crops such as sugar, rubber, or tabacco are grown
- Projectile
- A n object that is fired or launched, such as a cannonball
- Coming-of-age Ceremony
- A ceremony that celebrates the end of childhood and acceptance into the adult community
- Capital Punishment
- Punishment by death; also called the death penalty
- Aristocracy
- A ruling class of noble families
- Ayllu
- An Inca clan(group of related families), the basic unit of Inca society
- Secular
- Relating to earthly life rather than to religion or spiritual matters
- Axis
- An imaginary line drawn through a sphere, or ball, such as Earth
- City-state
- An independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory
- Bill of Rights
- A list of basic human rights that a government must protect
- Dissect
- To cut and separate the parts of a living thing for scientific study
- Mercenary
- A soldier who is paid to fight for another country or group
- Humanities
- Areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, liteature, and ethics
- Subject
- A person under the rule of a monarch
- Cartography
- The art and science of mapmaking
- Pen Name
- A name used in place of a writer's real name
- Orbit
- The path that one heavenly body(such as a planet) follows around another(such as the sun)
- Woodcut
- A print of an image that has been carved in wood
- Doctrine
- The official teachings of a religion or church
- Proportion
- The relative sizes of things, such as the length of and arm compared to the overall size of the human body
- Missionary
- A person who works to spread a religion and make converts
- Pok-a-tok
- A Mayan ball game that had religious significance
- Republic
- A form of government in which people elect representatives to rule in their name
- Heliocentric
- Having the sun at the center(Helios is Greek for "sun")
- Mesoamerica
- Middle America," the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America
- Mystic
- A person who is devoted to religion and has spiritual experiences
- Predestination
- The belief that the fate of each soul was decided by God at the beginning of time
- Papacy
- The office, or position, of pope as head of the Catholic Church
- Nationalism
- Identification with, and devotion to, the intrests of one's nation
- Social Contract
- An agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government
- Shogun
- The head of the military government of Japan in the era of the samurai
- Despotism
- Rule by a despot, or tryant
- Old Testament
- The first part of the Christian Bible, corresponding to the Jewish Bible
- Mass
- The amount of matter in and object
- Scripture
- Sacred writings; in Christianity, the Bible
- Regent
- One who rules in the name of another
- Stele
- A stone slab or pillar with carvings or inscriptions
- Theocracy
- A government or state in which God is the supreme ruler and religious officials govern in God's name
- Mercantilism
- An economic policy by which nations try to gather as much gold and silver as possible by controlling trade and establishing colonies
- Hypothesis
- An idea or assumption to be tested in an experiment
- Tragedy
- A serious play with a sad ending
- Original Sin
- In Christian belief the sinful state into which all people are born
- Circulation
- The movement of blood through the body
- Longitude
- A measure of how far east or west a place on earth is from an imaginary line that runs between the North and Sout poles
- Solar Year
- The time it takes Earth to travel once around the sun
- Daimyo
- A local lord in Japan in the era of the samurai
- Patron
- A person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them
- Oppression
- Cruel or unjust treatment
- Armada
- A large fleet of ships
- Causeway
- A raised road built across water or low ground
- Caravel
- A light sailing ship that is easy to manuver and can sail in shallow water
- Polygamy
- Marriage in which a man or woman has more than one spouse
- Trephination
- A type of surgery that involves penetrating the skull
- Data
- Facts or information
- Dike
- A wall or dam built to hold back water and prevent flodding
- Social pyramid
- A social structure in the shape of a pyramid, with layers representing social classes of different rank of status
- New World
- The name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown in Europe before the voyages of Christopher Columbus
- Sacrifice
- A gift of an animal for slaughter as a way to honor gods
- Hieroglyphic
- Writing that uses pictures as symbols
- Criminology
- The scientific study of crime and punishment
- Alliance
- A group of countries, city-states, or other entities who agree to work together, often to fight common enemies
- Imagery
- Descriptive or imaginative language, especially when used to inspire mental "pictures"
- Perspective
- The appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in a painting
- Capitalism
- An economic system based on investment of money(capital) for profit
- Simony
- The buying and selling of spiritual or holy things
- Market Economy
- An economy in which prices are determined by the buying and selling descisions of individuals in the marketplace
- Satire
- A work that uses sharp humor to attack people or society
- Corruption
- Dishonest or illegal pratices, especially involving money
- Communal
- Shared by a community or group
- Pulpit
- A platform or other structure in a church from wich a priest or minister preaches
- Colony
- A country or an area ruled by another country
- Ward
- A neighborhood that is a political unit within a city
- Engraving
- A print of an image that has been engraved, or etched, in a hard surface, such metal
- Glyph
- A symbol or character in a hieroglyphic system of writing
- Pictograph
- A written symbol that represents an idea or object
- Epidemic
- An outbreak of a disease that affects many people within a geographic area