Humanities Test 3 Terms
Terms
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- Germanic Tribes
- Tribal folk who followed a migratory existence - lived in preurban village communities and frequently raided & plundered nearby lands
- Fealty
- Loyalty; the fidelity of the warrior to his chieftan
- Beowulf
- 3000 line epic - first monumental literary composition in a European vernacular language - tale of daring Scandinavian prince
- Charlemagne
- Emporer of the Romans - Frankish chieftan Charles the Great-leader of the Holy Wars - wanted to restore Roman under christain leadership
- Carolingian Renaissance
- A time of copying the manuscripts & making of liturgical and devotional objects - started by Charlemagne
- Cloissone
- enamel work produced by pouring molten colored glass between thin gold partitions, any object ornament in this way
- Feudalism
- The sytem of political organization prevailing in Europe 9-15 century - basis is the exchange of land for military defense/service
- Investiture
- the procedure by which a feudal lord granted a vassal control over a fief
- Chivalry
- a code of behavior practiced by upper class men and women of medieval society
- Vikings
- Scandinavain seafarers - first to colonize iceland -set up colony in Greenland - were master shipbuilders -Norsemen - "Rus"
- William of Normandy
- Leader of Vikings - led 5000 vikings across English channel to sieze throne of England
- Norman Conquest
- Conquest of throne of England by Vikings - marked transfer of power in England from Anglo Saxon rulers to Norman noblemen & thus to France
- Serf
- an unfree peasant
- Fief
- in feudal society, land/property given to a warrior in return for military service
- Christian Crusades
- began as a effort to rescue Jerasalem from Muslim turks - 11th to 13th century - began as religious became economical
- Primogeniture
- the principle by which a fief was passed from father to son
- Medieval Romance
- a tale of adventure that supplanted the older Chanson de Geste and that deals with knights,king,ladies acting under impulse of love,religious faith or desire for adventure
- Code of Courtly Love
- longing of a nobleman for a usually unattainable woman - basis for concepts of romantic love in Western literature & life
- Chretien de Troyes
- Author of "Lancelot"
- Lancelot
- a knight in King Arthur's court - Guinevere's lover - dramatizes the feminization of the chivalric ideal
- Sacraments
- a sacred act or pledge in medieval Christianity - a visible sign of God's grace
- Purgatory
- intermediate realm occupied by the soul after death and before the last judgement - soul could benefit from prayers and good works on their behalf
- Hildegard of Bingen
- Leading mystic of the twelfth century - wrote Know the Ways of the Lord - wrote treaties on medicine, science & wrote hymns
- Pope Innocent III
- Wrote On the Misery of the Human Condition -one of Christendoms most influential popes
- Memento mori
- "remember death" a warning of the closeness of death and the need to prepare for ones own death
- Morality Play
- Medieval drama that dealt with the struggle between good and evil and the destiny of the soul in the hereafter
- Allegory
- an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself.
- Everyman
- essentially a moral allegory that illustrates the pilgramage from life to death, exposition of the Catholitic priesthood in helping christian achieve salvation
- Dante Alighieri
- Florentine poet - author of Divine Comedy, Commedia Divinia
- Excommunication
- Ecclesiatical censure that excludes the individual from receiving the sacraments
- Interdict
- the excommunication of an entire city or state - used to dissuade secular rulers from opposing papal policy
- Heresy
- denial of the revealed truths or Orthodox doctrine by a baptized member of the church, an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma
- Inquisition
- A special court designed to stamp out heresy - brought to trial people whole local townspeople denounced as heretics
- Romanesque Style (characteristics)
- Round arches and uniform system of stone vaults in the upper zones of the nave & side aisles
- Christian Pilgrimage
- Christians traveled to the shrine to seek pardon from sins or pay homage to a particular saint/healing or miracle cure
- Relics
- The remains of saints and martyrs - objects of holy veneration - ie: piece of cross Jesus crucified on
- reliquaries
- Decorated container that held the relics - sometimes made in the shape of the relic
- Tympanum
- Semi-circular space enclosed by the lintel over a doorway and the arch above it
- Gothic Style (characteristics)
- Sophisticated and majestic expression of an age of faith - clear break with classical past - dynamic system of thrusts & counterthrusts, soared heavenly, infused form with symbolism
- Flying buttress
- A flying buttress is a free-standing buttress attached to the main structure by an arch or a half-arch.
- Cult of the Virgins
- Inspired worship at thrones in Mary's honor-Mary as second Eve-woman who redeemed humankind from damnation
- Stained Glass(symbolism)
- lux nova - new light - symbolic equivalent of God - windows were mediators of God's love-could transport Christian from th slime of this earth to the purity of heaven
- Santiago de Compostela
- Saint James Major was said to have brought Chrisianity to Spain - martyred on his return to Judea - body recovered & buried at Compostela