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English Language and Composition from Cliffs (2)

Terms

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clause
a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate, clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause.
didactic
literally means "instructive" in Greek. Didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles
figure of speech
a devic e used to produce figurative language. many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include, for example, apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement
chiasmus
a figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. Rhetorical figure in which 2 clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms. The purpose is usually to make a larger point or to provide balance or order. In classical rhetoric, the parallel structures did not repeat words. However, contemporary standards allow for repeated words
extended metaphor
metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work
denotation
the strict, literal, dictionary defintion of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color
colloquialism
slang or informality in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, collloquialisms give work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects
figurative language
writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid
generic conventions
term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and poltical writing.
genre
major category in which a literary work fits. Basic divisions of literarture are prose, poetry, and drama.
diction
related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.
conceit
a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or suprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. a conceit displays intellectual clverness due to the unusual comparison being made
euphemism
Greek for "good speech." These words are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. The euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness, or to add humor or ironic understatment. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism
connotation
the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied suggested meaning. connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes

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