MH3 Essay 2
Terms
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- Who formed character pieces
- Mendelssohn
- Mendelssohn two most popular symphonies
- no4 Italian, and no 3 scottish
- Musical genius at painting musical landscapes in his overtures
- Mendelssohn
- Classical overture form
- Mendelssohn, sonata without repeats
- 3 main Late 19th century aesthetics
- Technology, Politics, Nationalism
- Sparked a change in the countries.
- 1848 revoltions
- Nationalism
- unification through common characteristics
- 19th century aesthetic involving the nature of the content of music
- realism
- Opera became associated with?
- nationalism
- Operas became refined?
- in hopes of earning royalties on multiple stagings
- Wagner viewed art as
- a kind of religion
- Music Genre (Wagner)
- a category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language"
- Who developed the idiom to abandon tonality
- Wagner
- Who saw himself as beethovens TRUE successor
- Wagner
- oneness of music and drama (Wagner)
- gesamtkunstwerk
- Which parts do the orchestra and voice convey in Wagner drama
- Orchestra inner aspect, and voice outer.
- what three topics did Wagner address in his writing
- Addressed literature, political, and moral topics in his writings
- What was the ring cycle about?
- the value of love and peoples willingness to abandon it for worldly ends.
- Leitmotiv
- themes and motives that are that are associated with a particular person, thing, emotion, or idea. Established by sounding the leitmotiv (orchestra) at the first site of the object.
- 1848 (Wagner)
- out of germany for Switzerland, wrote essays/prose
- Before 1848 (Wagner)
- Wrote grand operas
- Wagner Prose
-
1.) Art and revolution: all art is predicated upon certain social and philosophical ideas.
2.) Judaism in music- jews are not inferior, but they are foreign/different and ruin the basic natural feeling of the Germanic people
3.) Opera and Art: words or music? Unified! Proper subject for opera is myth. Oposed to choruses (None in the ring cycles) - Wagner 5 characteristics that relate to the ring cycle
-
1.) Sense of tonality- expanding chromaticism and the circle of fifths. Does not destroy key center. Extended periods without tonic.
2.) Writes in forms:
Strophic: same music, different words, repeats
Bar Form: AAB
Arch form: ABCBA
3.) Leitmotiv- themes and motives that are that are associated with a particular person, thing, emotion, or idea. Established by sounding the leitmotiv (orchestra) at the first site of the object.
4.) Uses voice in the orchestra
5.) Mythological - Classical Music (Brahms)
- music that was written for similar performing forces as the works of the past, and meant to performed alongside them..
- Did not want to compose symphonies because he was intimidated by Beethoven
- Brahms
- Drew allusions from the past in his music
- Brahms
- Developing Variation (Brahms)
- building on early/intro ideas
- Chromatic Saturation (Wolf)
- A phrase where all 12 tones appear is
- Wolf
- Known for his work with german lieder
- German conductor
- Strauss
- Put instruments into solo prominence, which usually would not (tuba, sax)
- Strauss
- French, drew his music towards the French tradition of sensibility, taste, and restraint.
- Debussy
- Set up different scales that had never been used before (whole tone, pentatonic)
- Debussy
- 5 things debussy uses to create musical images
- motives, harmony, exotic scales, instrumental timbre
- 2 areas that lead us into the 20th century
- Post Romanticism, and Impressionism
- 4 composers that lead us ionto the 20th century
- Wolf, Mahler, Bruckner, and Strauss
- What destroyed the tonal center
- Impressionism
- 4 types of 18th century opera
- Zingspiel, Opera Comique, Comic Opera, and Opera Buffy
- Characteristics of 18th century opera
-
⬢Libretto: not funny, but of human condition
⬢Emphasis on the aria
⬢Smaller scale production
⬢Language details the comedy of the nations background. - Characteristics of Grand Opera
-
⬢reaction against 18th century opera.
1. huge scale spectacle
2. libretto is of no interest
3. aria is of primary importance, huge stage, massive sets