Ancient History Exam
Terms
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- 5 Pillars
- duties of every Muslim
- Caliph
- one of the leaders of Islam after Mohammad
- Sadducees
- wealthy, well-educated Jews
- Assyrian weapons
- made of iron
- Dioletis
- divided the empire into east & west
- Julius Caesar
- made dictator for life
- Aristotle
- taught Alexander the Great
- Helots
- Spartan slaves
- Cheops
- pyramids at Gizeh were built for him
- Cuneiform
- sumerian writing
- Marcus Aurelius
- death marked the end of "Pax Romana"
- Code of Hammurabi
- first effort by an empire to record laws - like 10 commandments
- Dionysus
- god of wine & drama
- Hoplites
- greek foot soldiers
- Mullah
- teacher of Islamic law
- Allah
- Arabic word for God
- Hatshepsut
- first female pharaoh
- papyrus
- old paper, made from leaves of grassy plants
- Democritus
- atomic theory
- royal road
- most famous Road of Persians
- Plato
- founded the "Academy"
- Hades
- god of the underworld
- Angles & Saxons
- took over Britain
- Mecca
- Muslims pray towards this city
- Mecca
- holiest city of Islam
- Kaaba
- ancient shrine that Muslims today believe was built by the prophet Abraham
- Kaaba
- "cube"
- Ramadan
- the Holy month of Islam
- Julius Caesar
- assinated by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
- Caligula
- deranged, insane, morally corrupt
- Theseus
- killed the minotaur
- Huns
- fierce Nomadic horsemen
- Thales
- earliest philosopher
- Zeus
- king of the gods, decision maker
- Muezzin
- person who calls Muslims to pray
- Ptolemy
- defeated 3 others to become king of Egypt
- 1453
- end of the Byzantine Empire (by the Ottoman Turks), beginning of the Ottoman Empire
- Nero
- blamed for terrible fire in Rome
- Hegemony
- dominance of one state over another
- Mt. Sinai
- where Moses received the 10 commandments
- First Triumvirate
- Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar
- Byzantine Empire
- survived until 1453
- Hermes
- greek messenger of the gods
- Nero
- emperor who persecuted christians
- Plato
- wrote THE REPUBLIC
- Latins
- tribe of Indo-Europeans whose settlement became Rome
- Peter
- first pope
- Plato
- student of Socrates
- Troy
- founder of Rome came from here
- Artemis
- goddess of the moon & hunting
- Lycurgus
- developed laws in Sparta
- Socrates
- executed by drinking poison
- scribe
- educated person who could read and write
- Augustus
- emperor when Christ was born during the "Pax Romana"
- Athena
- goddess of wisdom - symbol is the owl
- Mare Nostrum
- "our sea" (Greek)
- Claudius
- had physical handicaps
- Zealots
- people of action
- Constantine
- issued the Edict of Milan
- Epic of Gilgamesh
- compared to Moses' story
- jihad
- means "struggle"
- Cyclops
- one-eyed giant
- Rome
- Peter and Paul were martyred here
- Tiber River
- Rome founded on its banks
- Carthage
- ruled by Hannibal
- Socrates
- believed that admitting ignorance is the beginning of knowledge
- Draco
- Established a HARSH law code in Athens
- crops of Italy
- grain, grapes, olives
- Caligula
- a.k.a. "Little Boots"
- Plato
- taught Aristotle
- Amon-Ra
- god of the sun
- Octavian
- first emperor of Rome
- Sophists
- believed in education
- Socrates
- taught Plato
- Visigoths
- western Germans
- Aeneas
- hero of Virgil's epic
- Justinian
- a great Byzantine emperor, had the Hagia Sophia built
- Res Publica
- "the people's thing" (Greek)
- polytheistic
- worship of many gods
- Poseidon
- god of the sea
- Socrates
- encouraged students to think for themselves
- Byzantine Empire
- Eastern portion of the Roman Empire
- Hadrian
- built a 73 mile wall across Britain
- Nero
- emperor who murdered his mother, Agrippina
- Romulus Augustus
- last emporer in Rome
- Achilles
- greatest Greek warrior
- Sparta
- most powerful city in Peloponnesus
- Jews & Christians
- "People of the Book"
- theocracy
- government ruled by a priest (considered to be the representative of the gods)
- Mecca
- where the Kaaba is located
- Julius Caesar
- crossed the Rubicon
- Theodosius
- closed all non-Christian places of worship
- Apollo
- god of light, music, and truth
- Hagia Sophia
- Orthodox cathedral built in Constantinople, built by Justinian,
- Sulla
- remained dictator for 3 years
- Hittites
- used iron to make tools & wheels
- Battle of Actium
- Octavium defeated Cleopatra and Marc Antony here
- Demeter
- goddess of grain and crops
- Hajj
- pilgrimage Muslims make to Mecca
- Paris
- abducted Helen - the cause of the Trojan War
- Bedouins
- nomads who moved from oasis to oasis
- Orthodoxy
- true or accepted teachings
- Mosque
- muslim place of worship
- Franks & Alemanni
- took over Gaul
- creed
- statement of religious belief
- Pythagoras
- mathematics
- Socrates
- said, "The unexamined life is not worth living"
- Muslim
- follower of Islam
- Marcus Aurelius
- wrote MEDITATIONS
- Mesopotamia
- land between the rivers
- Marathon
- Site of most famous battle of Persian War
- Ares
- god of war
- Assur
- chief god of the Assyrians
- Alexander the Great
- established 20 cities, rose to power during Hellenistic Age
- Abraham
- connects Jews, Christians, and Muslims
- heresy
- False teachings
- Ziggurat
- Sumerian temple
- Lydians
- contributed coined money
- Hera
- wife of zeus, goddess of marriage
- Koine
- a dialect of Greek Language
- Sappho
- writer of lyric poetry
- Hannibal
- famous military leader of Carthage
- Pharisees
- "seperated ones"
- anthropomorphic
- human-like
- Hector
- greatest Trojan warrior
- Aphrodite
- goddess of physical beauty & love
- Paul
- important "voice" in early Christianity
- Rosetta Stone
- helped decipher heiroglyphics
- Sanhedrin
- Jewish ruling council
- Damascus
- oldest continuously inhabited city in the world
- Tigris & Euphrates
- major rivers of Mesopotamia
- Athens
- controlled the Delian League
- 5 Pillars
- Allah is God. prayer. give to the poor. fasting. pilgrimage to Mecca
- Hestia
- goddess of hearth & family
- Carthage
- Rome's enemy in Punic Wars
- agriculture
- most important factor in development of civilization
- Stephen
- first martyr, died in Jerusalem
- Agamemnon
- leader of Greek expedition of Troy
- Herodotus & Thucydides
- ancient historians
- Pericles
- Athenian leader who died during a plague
- Hippocrates
- founded the school of medicine (words: acute & chronic)
- Hephaestus
- god of metal craft, lame & ugly
- Po River
- largest river valley in Italy
- Essenes
- pious Jews devoted to prayer
- Aristotle
- student of Plato
- Aramaic
- language spoken by Jesus