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in the concerto, twofold statement of the themes, once by the orchestra and once by the soloist: • Double exposition
equivalent to Roman Catholic congregational hymn; consisted of 4-partwriting, in which the Lutheran melody remained in the soprano voice, while other voices provided harmonic support: • Lutheran chorale
Early folk instrument that resemble the psaltery; its strings are struck with hammer instead of being plucked.: • Dulcimer
melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music: • Ornamentation
see notes: • Italian Madrigal
A medieval term describing all those notes in use at the time that are not to be found on the Guidonian hand.: Musica ficta
lyric song in ternary or A-B-A from: • Da capo aria
Medieval poet-musicians in southern France.: • Troubadours
short, recurring instrumental passage found in both the aria and the Baroque concerto: • Ritornello form
French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry.: • Chanson
lively French Baroque dance type in duple meter: • Bourree
set of 4-7 instruments that were built so that one uniform timbre was available: • Consort
work or movement based on a single theme, first heard in tonic key and then in a contrasting key: • Monothematic
fairly large groups of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part: • Chorus
a style of organum characterize by the tenor singing the cantus firmus in long notes while the upper voice moved freely and quickly: • Organal style
fourth item of the Mass Proper, sung in a melismatic style and performed in a responsorial manner in which soloists alternate with a choir; takes its term from Latin word "step", applied to certain singing portion of the psalm: • Gradual
A type of text-setting where the words are streched over a series of notes: • Melismatic
Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem.: • Strophic form
A short song, melody, or tune, with or without words: • Air
Baroque concerto type based on the opposition between a small group of solo instrument (the concertino) and orchestra (the ripeno): • Concerto grosso
Singing, especially in Gregorian chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates with the choir.: • Responsorial singing
compositional procedure in which a theme is state and then altered in successive statements; occurs as an independent piece or as a movement of a multimovement cycle: • Theme and variations
composition in A-B-A form, usually in triple meter; replaced the minute and trio in 19th century: • Scherzo
a stately dance, probably for couples, characterized by elaborate body movements: • Estampie
Polyphonic musical style. Usually French, form the period 1160-1320.: • Ars antique
The English madrigal made frequent use of a refrain, often sung to nonsense syllables such as "fa-la", and resulted in the English madrigal being known as "Fa- La": • Nonsense syllables
multimovement work made up of a series of contrasting g dance movements, generally all in the same key: • Suite
Music written for a single melodic line: • Monophonic texture
ensemble music for up to about 10 players, with one player to a part: • Chamber music
Medieval plucked- string instrument similar to the modern zither, consisting of a sound box over which strings were stretched.: • Psaltery
vocal style established in the Baroque, with a solo singer (s) and instrumental accompaniment: • Monody
a three or four movement structure used in Classical-era instrumental music - especially the symphony, sonata, concerto- and in chamber music; each movement is in a prescribed tempo and form: • Sonata-cycle
music drama that is generally sung throughout, combining the resources of vocal and instrumental music with poetry and drama, acting and pantomime, scenery and costumes: • Opera
the opening movement of the multimovement cycle, consisting of themes that are stated in the first section (exposition), developed in the second section (development) and restated in the third section (recapitulation): • Sonata- allegro form
Two or more texts set simultaneously in a vocal composition, common in the medieval motet.: • Polytextual
type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line strictly imitates another at fixed distance throughout: • Canon
lyric song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, generally expressing intense emotion: • Aria
Medieval Latin-texted secular song, often with corrupt or lewd lyrics; associated with wandering scholars.: • Goliards
Sustained sounding of one or several tones for harmonic support, a common feature of some folk music.: • Drone
an ABA form (A= minuet, B = trio) in a moderate triple meter, often 3rd movement of Classical multimovement cycle: • Minuet and trio
Wing instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.: • Organs
Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type with French courtly texts.: • Virelai
country dance of British Isles, often in a lively triple meter; optional dance movement of solo and orchestral Baroque suite; a type of duple meter hornpipe is still popular in Iris traditional dance music: • Hornpipe
recitative singing style that features a sparse accompaniment and moves with great freedom (declamatory ,(speech like) singing style accompanied by continuo only): • Recitative secco
German "sensitive style" of the mid 18th century, characterized by melodic directness and homophonic texture (C.W. Gluck): • Empfindsamkeit
Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type with courtly love texts.: • Rondeau
A polyphonic composition performed as a musical alternative to the original plainchant passage that it is intended to replace.: • Clausula
Melodic decoration either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music.: • Embellishment
musical form in which the first section recurs, usually in the tonic. IN the Classical multimovement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms, including ABABA, ABACA, ABACABA: • Rondo
transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition: • Bridge
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.: • A cappella
A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern that is repeated throughout a work or a section of one.: • Ostinato
Melodic idea presented in one voice and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter.: • Imitation
French Baroque dance, a standard movement of the suite, in triple meter at a moderate tempo: • Courante
compositional form with two sections, in which the second ends with a return to material from the first, each sections is usually repeated: • Rounded binary
German dance in moderate duple time, popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods; often the first movement of a Baroque suite.: • Allemande
variations of a dance in a French keyboard suite.: • Double
large work for orchestra, generally in three of four movement: • Symphony
polyphonic texture popular in the Baroque era in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint: • Fugal texture
In poetry, a group of lines constituting a unit. IN liturgical music for the Catholic Church, a phrase from the Scripture that alternates with the response.: • Verse
" storm and stress"; late 18th century movement in Germany toward more emotional expression in the arts: • Sturm und Drang
the larger of the two ensembles s in the Baroque concerto grosso: • Ripieno
Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that vary from day to day throughout the church year according to the particular liturgical occasion, as distinct from the Ordinary, in which they remain the same: • Proper
Musical pictorialization of words from the text as an expressive device.: • Word Painting
Medieval poet- musician in northern France.: • Trouveres
style of organum that includes a plainchant tenor part, with a "note against (style of organum characterized by the tenor singing the cantus firmus in faster moving rhythms, thus resembling more closely the rhythmic movement of the newly- composed vocal part): • Discant style
text or script of an opera prepared by a librettist: • Libretto
Short choral answer to solo verse; an element of liturgical dialogue.: • Response
tragic Italian opera: • Opera seria
French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry.: • Chanson
14th century French polyphonic musical style whose themes moved increasingly from religious to secular. (also a treaties by Philippe De Vitry): • Ars Nova
a composition that shows off a specific instrument (or instruments) with the orchestra used as accompaniment.: • Solo concerto
instrumental genre in several movements for soloist or small ensemble: Sonata
short Baroque organ piece in which a traditional chorale melody is embellished: Chorale prelude
A french term for a collection of dances.: • Order
Central service of the Roman Catholic Church.: • Mass
see notes: • Opera Reform
the compositional procedure of altering a pre-existing musical idea: Variations
short instrumental work, found in Baroque opera, to facilitate scene changes: • Sinfonia
Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which developed from the custom of adding voices above a plainchant; they first ran parallel to it at the interval of a fifth or fourth later moved more freely.: • Organum
Late medieval German poet-musicians.: • Minnesingers
stately Spanish Baroque dance type in triple meter, a standard movement of the Baroque suite: • Sarabande
popular English Baroque dance type, a standard movement of the baroque suite, in a lively compound meter: • Gigue
virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvisation, performed near the end of an aria or a movement of a concerto: • Cadenza
accompanied solo vocal declamation that follows the inflections of the text; often resulting a in disjunct vocal style ( a declamatory (speech - like) singing style accompanied by orchestra): • Recitative accompagnato
French poetic form and chanson type of the Middle Ages and Renaissance with courtly love texts. Also a Romantic genre, especially a lyric piano piece.: • Ballade
Medieval bowed- string instrument, the ancestor of the violin.: • Vielle
Lively Renaissance "round dance," associated with the outdoors, in which the participants danced in a circle or a line.: • Ronde
duple meter Baroque dance type of a pastoral character: • Gavotte
Use of notes not in the basic scale of a composition or passage. Harmonic style frequently using such notes: • Chromaticism
Two or more melodic lines combined into a mulitvoiced texture, as distinct from monophonic.: • Polyphonic texture
/: • Taille
"Fixed melody," usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance.: • Cantus firmus
a composition that shows off a specific instrument (or instruments) with the orchestra used as accompaniment.: • Concerto
Creation of a musical composition while is it being performed, seen in Baroque ornamentation, cadenzas of concertos, jazz and some non- Western music.: • Improvisation
Medieval wandering entertainers, who played instruments, sang and danced, juggled, and performed plays.: • Jongleurs
Baroque style developed by Monteverdi, which introduced novel effects such as rapid repeated notes as symbols of passion: • Stile concitato
a repeating melody, usually in the bass or the lower voice, while the upper voices pursue their independent lines; with each repetition aspects of melody, harmony/rhythm is changed: • Ground bass
used in Mighty Fortress: • Oboe da caccia
Two-part (A-B) form with each section normally repeated. Also two-part form.: • Binary form
German dance in moderate duple time, popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods; often the first movement of a Baroque suite: • Allemande
Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year, as distinct from the Proper, which changes daily according to the liturgical occasion.: • Ordinary
used in Mighty Fortress: • Oboe d'amore
Italian comic opera, sung through: • Opera buffa
The name given to the Gregorian Chant in modern times. It is the earliest surviving styles of music from Western Europe. It featured monophonic texture and conjunct melodies.: • Gregorian chant (plainchant/plainsong)
a dramatic recitative style of the Baroque period in which melodies moved freely over a foundation of simple chords: • Stile rappresentativo
Polyphonic vocal genre, secular in the Middle Ages, but sacred or devotional thereafter.: • Motet
solo group of instrument t in the Baroque concerto grosso: • Concertino
the last part of a pieces, usually added to a standard form to bring it to a close: • Coda
large- scale dramatic genre originating in the Baroque, based on a text of religious or serious character, performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, similar to opera but without h scenery, costumes or action: • Oratorio

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