USMLE 1 Micro
Terms
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what is unique to gram-positive organisms?
what does it induce? -
Teichoic Acid
TNF and IL-1 -
what is unique to gram-negative organisms?
what does it induce? -
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / Endotoxin
(both considered the Outer Membrane)
TNF and IL-1 - what bug has a D-glutamate capsule?
- Bacillis Anthrax
-
what is a spore made of?
(2) -
Keratin-like coat
Dipicolinic acid - in the bacterial growth curve, when is rapid cell division?
- Log phase
-
Definition:
substance that binds directly to MHC-II and T-cell receptors activating a large number of T-cells to stimulate release of IL-1 and IL-2 -
Superantigen
(TSST-1 in S.aureus)
(SPE toxin in S.pyogenes - Scarlet fever) - (4) Bugs w/ A-B toxins
-
Corynebacterium diphtheria,
Vibrio,
E.coli,
B.pertussis - Bug that inactivates elongation factor EF-2
- Corynebacterium diphtheria
- what toxin in clostridium causes gas gangrene?
- Alpha toxin
- what NT does C.tetani block?
- Glycine
-
what toxin cleaves host cell rRNA?
which Bugs use it?
(2) -
Shiga Toxin
bugs:
Shigella,
E.coli -
what does the following Neisseria ferment:
Meningococci
Gonococci -
MeninGococci = Maltose and Glucose
Gonococci = Glucose -
Pigment-producing Bug:
1. Blue-green
2. Red
3. Yellow -
in alphabetical order:
Blue = Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Red = Serratia
Yellow = Staph Aureus - (3)* Bugs that form spores
-
PAT the soil for spores:
c.Perfringens,
b.Anthrax,
c.Tetani - Catalase positive
-
Staph
(coagulase+ = Aureus) -
(4)* Dx that Strep Pneumonae is MCC of.
what are they sensitive to? -
MOPS:
Meningitis,
Otitis Media,
Pneumonia,
Sinusitis
MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive - what Strep group lives in the mouth and is Optochin resistant?
-
Viridians
(not afraid Of-the-chin and are OP-TO-CHIN resistant) -
which clostridia causes:
Diarrhea?
gas Gangrene? -
DIarrhea = DIfficle
gas gangrene PERForates the leg = PERfringens -
Dx:
vesicular papules covered w/ black eschar - Anthrax
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Food poison bug:
poultry, meat and eggs - Salmonella
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Food poison bug:
reheated meat dishes - Clostridium Perfringens
-
Food poison bug:
meats, mayo or custard - S.Aureus
- MCC of swimmers ear
- Pseudomonas
- what types of chlamydia cause blindness in Africa and chronic infection?
-
Types A, B, C
Africa,
Blindness,
Chronic infection - term for asexual fungal spores
- "Conidia"
-
Mycoses type from:
Desert or SW USA - Coccidioidomycosis
-
Mycoses type from:
Mississippi or Ohio river valley - Histoplasmosis
-
Mycoses type from:
East of Mississippi - Blastomycosis
-
which DNA virus is not dsDNA
(it is ssDNA)? -
Parvovirus
("Part-of-a-virus") - what is the only dsRNA?
-
Reovirus
("Repeat-O-virus") - which virus class gets its envelope from the nuclear membrane versus the cytoplasmic membrane?
- Herpesviruses
- what are the (2) circular DNA viruses?
-
Papova
Hepadna - which DNA virus replicates in cytoplasm?
- Poxvirus
- MCC of global infantile gastroenteritis
-
ROTAvirus
Right Out of The Anus! - (2) Main causes of Meningitis in Newborn
-
Group B Strep,
E.coli -
MCC of meningitis in children 6 mo - 6 yo
(2) -
Strep Pneumonia
H.Influenzae - MCC of meningitis in 6 yo - 60 yo
- N. Meningitis
- MCC of meningitis > 60 yo
- S. Pneumonia
- infectious agents of TORCHES
-
ToRCHeS:
Toxoplasmosis,
Rubella,
CMV,
HSV,
Syphilis -
Bug hints:
Pus, empyema, abscess - S.Aureus
-
Bug hints:
pediatric infection - H.influenzae
-
Bug hints:
Branching rods in oral infection - Actinomyces israelii
-
Bug hints:
traumatic open wound - C.perfringens
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Bug hints:
surgical wound - S.Aureus
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Bug hints:
Dog or Cat bite - Pasturella
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Bug hints:
sepsis/meningitis in newborn - Group B strep