*USMLE 2 vitamins

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Vitamin deficiency: Night blindness; dry skin; impaired immune response; squamous metaplasia of trachea and hair follicles: Vitamin A
Vitamin deficiency (and Dx): polyneuritis, high-output cardiac failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and edema MCC of deficiency?: B1 - Thiamine

(Wet beri-beri)

MCC - alcoholism
Vitamin deficiency: Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, Corneal vascularization, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis: Vit B2 - Riboflavin
(2 C's)
Vitamin deficiency (and Dx): diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, beefy glossitis: Vit B3 - Niacin

(Pellagra)
Vitamin deficiency: Dermititis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency: B5 - Pantothenate
Vitamin deficiency: Convulsions, hyperirritibility, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia w/ ringed sideroblasts: Vit B6 - Pyridoxine
Nutrient deficiency: Dermatitis, enteritis cause? what is its use?: Biotin

(from Avidin in raw eggs or antibiotics)

Use: Carboxylation rxns
Vitamin deficiency: megaloblastic anemia: Folic acid
Vitamin deficiency: anemia, optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia, glossitis MMC of deficiency? What test for Dx confirmation?: B12 - Cobalamin

MMC - pernicious anemia
(also fish tapeworm)

Shilling's test
Vitamin deficiency (and Dx): swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular hemorrhage what NT is it a cofactor for?: Vitamin C - Ascorbic Acid

(Scurvy)

cofactor for NE
Vitamin deficiency: Bending bones, soft bones, hypocalcemic tetany What other effect is seen only in kids? What is the most common cause of the deficiency?: Vitamin D

kids - soft spots in skull

MCC - chronic renal failure
Vitamin deficiency: Neonatal hemorrhage, increased PT, increased PTT, normal bleed time How is it made? Most common cause of deficiency?: Vitamin K

made by colonic bacteria

MCC - broad spectrum Ab in hospital
Nutrient deficiency: Poor wound healing, dissecting aortic anuerysm, skin depigmentation: Copper
Nutrient deficiency: rash; dysgeusia; growth retardation; poor wound healing; hypogonadism, decreased adult hair: Zinc
Vitamin deficiency (and Dx): polyneuritis, muscle wasting, demyelination syndromes, distal sensorimotor neuropathy: Vitamin B1 - Thiamine
(Dry beri beri)
Dx: retarded growth and loss of muscle and sub-q fat; "wasting away": Marasmus
Dx: retarded growth and loss of muscule but retained sub-q fat, fatty liver, severe edema, anemia: Kwashiorkor

[MEAL = Malabsorption, Edema, Anemia, Liver fat]
vitamin required for Transamination reactions: Pyridoxine

(Vit B-6)
(3)* causes of Pellagra: HIC:

Hartnup Dz
(low Tryptophan);

INH
(low Vit B-6);

Carcinoid syndrome
(high Tryptophan metabolism)
what NT and vitamin is Niacin derived from?: Tryptophan

Vit B6
Dx: Alopecia, fatigue, HA, hepatocellular damage, sore throat, skin changes: Vit A toxicity
(Retinol)
Vitamin deficiency: increased fragility of RBC: Vitamin E

[E = Erythrocytes]
Dx: hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi (in children: growth retardation): Excess Vitamin D

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