USMLE 1 Microbiology basics
Terms
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-
where is problem:
Ascaris -
intestinal obstruction
(your ASS CARries thIS) -
where is problem:
Histolytica - liver
-
where is problem:
Vermicularis - rectum
- what causes monoarticular joint pain and bells palsy?
- Lyme
- mycoplasma pneumonia exhibit cryoagglutinins during recovery. What immunoglobulin is reacting?
- IgM
- "cauliflower" skin lesion from broad-based yeast
- Blastomyces
- what cell is affected by mononucleosis?
- B-cell
- virus that produces squamous cell ca of penis?
- HPV
- heavy drinker w/ cough and flu-like symptoms; silver stain shows gram-neg rods
- Legionella
-
what do superantigens bind to? (2)
what 2 bugs have them? -
- MHC-II & T-cells
- Staph Aureus & pyogenes -
Bug:
scarlet fever - staph pyogens
-
Bug:
inactivates elongation factor (EF-2) - c. diphtheria
-
Bug:
stimulates adenylates cyclase in Gi.
Classic sign of bug? -
B. Pertussis
"Whooping cough" - toxin in E. coli that has the same Gs stimulation as V. cholera
- Heat-labile
- toxin of c. perfringes that causes gas gangrene
- alpha-toxin
- toxin in anthrax that is an adenylate cyclase
- L-toxin
-
hemolysin toxin of strep pyogenes.
it is an antigen in what systemic condition? -
Streptolysin O
- Rheumatic fever - toxin that is an important part of the gram Negative wall
-
eN-dotoxin
(N = Negative) - (3)* bugs w/ IgA proteases
-
A SIN: (A proteases)
- Strep pneumonia
- h. Influenzae
- Neisseria - what is it called when DNA is transferred from 1 bacteria to another?
- Conjugation
- what is it called when DNA is transferred by a virus from one cell to another?
- Transduction
- what is it called when purified DNA is taken up by a cell?
- Transformation
- (4)* obligate aerobes
-
Nagging Pests Must Breath:
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas
- Mycobacterium
- Bacillus -
(4)* encapsulated bacteria
what is necessary for an immune response? -
capsules Gunk-up the SINK:
- Strep pneumonia
- h. Influenza
- Neisseria meningitis
- Klebsiella
IgG is needed
(G = Gunk) - what test finds bugs w/ capsules?
-
Quellung...
causes capsular "swellung" - what causes staph aureus the ability to bind Fc-igG and inhibit complement fixation and phagocytosis?
-
Protein A
(A = Aureus) - What treats c. difficile?
- metronidazole
- how are anthrax spores transmitted?
-
inhalation
(bug can also be transferred via contact of pustule) -
what are the antigens (3)* associated w/ the enterobacter family (e. coli, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, serratia, proteus)?
what do they ferment? -
COFFEe:
- Capsular (K-antigen)
- O antigen
- Flagella antigen
- Ferment glucose
- Enterobacter family -
what bug is common in daycare centers and can mimic appendicitis or Chrone's disease?
how is it transmitted? -
Yersinia
transmitted by puppy feces
(also contaminated milk and pork) -
intracellular bugs with the EB and RB forms?
what does each do? -
Chlamydia
EB = Enters cell
RB = Replicates - (4)* symptoms of Lyme
-
BAKE a key LYME pie:
- Bells palsy
- Arthritis
- Kardiac block
- Erythema (bulls-eye) - from bird droppings
- histoplasmosis
- fungi that is mostly seen in diabetic ketoacidotic and leukemic patients that causes rhinocerebral, frontal lobe absesses
- Mucor
-
helminth that causes river blindness
tx? -
ONCHOcerca
(dont get blind ON CHOastal rIVERs)
[tx: IVERmectin] - helminth that causes lymphatic blockage (elephantitis)
-
W. BANCROFTi
(BAN laura CROFT from seeing the elephants) -
parasite:
Brain cysts, seizures
transmission? -
t. SOLium
(brain houses the SOuL)
transmission: Uncooked Pork Tapeworm -
parasite:
Liver cyst -
E. GRANulosus
(liver is a GRANd organ) -
parasite:
B-12 deficiency -
D. LATum
(curfew is at 12...dont B LATe) -
parasite:
biliary tract disease -
C. SINenSIS
(BIL would be a SIN for my SIS) -
parasite:
hemoptysis -
P. WESTERmani
(WESTERns make me vomit blood) -
parasite:
portal HTN - S. MASONi
-
parasite:
bladder cancer, hematuria - S. HAEMATobium
-
parasite:
perianal pruritus -
ENTERobius
(no ENTERing my ass!) - only ssDNA virus
-
Parvovirus
(Part-of-a-virus...the rest are dsDNA) - (3)* non-enveloped RNA
-
Real Naked CPR:
- Calci
- Pico
- Reo
[RNA Non-enveloped = Real Naked] - only diploid virus class
-
retrovirus
(2 identical ssRNA) - (6)* DNA viruses
-
HHAPPPy DNA:
- Hepanda
- Herpes
- Adeno
- Pox
- Parvo
- Papova - (3)* non-enveloped DNA viruses
-
I Dont want to see my Naked PAPpy:
- Parvo
- Adeno
- Papova
[Dont Naked = DNA Non-enveloped] - (5)* viruses in the Pico family
-
PERCH on a peak (pico):
- Polio
- Echo
- Rhino
- Coxsackie
- HAV - (4)* segmented viruses
-
its a BOAR to watch shows in segments:
- Bunya
- Orthomyxo
- Arena
- Reo - the only double-stranded RNA
-
I've been to RIO 2 times:
REOvirus - (4) PaRaMyxoviruses
-
- Parainfluenza
- RSV
- Mumps
- Measles - 3 signs of Mumps
-
mOMPs:
- Orchitis
- Meningitis
- Parotiditis - (3)* signs of measles
-
Tommy can you C ME?
- Cough
- Coryza
- Conjunctivitis
(and Koplik spots) - which two types of Hepatitis are via fecal-oral route?
-
Vowels hit your Bowels:
- HAV
- HEV -
which hepatitis is:
- asymptomatic & acute
- blood borne
- chronic & causes cirrhosis
- dependant on another
- epidemic & bad for pregnant women -
A - asymptomatic/acute
B - blood borne
C - chronic/cirrhosis/cancer
D - dependant on B
E - epidemic via H2O/bad for Expectant mothers -
MCC of pneumonia:
- children < 18 y/o
- adults 18 - 40 y/o
- adults > 40 y/o -
< 18: RSV
18 - 40: Mycoplasma
> 40: S. Pneumonia - common pneumonia in alcoholic
- Klebsiella
- difference b/t lab values of protein & sugar for Bacteria/fungal/TB and Viruses causing meningitis
-
Bacteria/fungal/TB: both increased
Virus: both normal - MCC of osteomyelitis
- S. aureus
-
MCC of UTI overall
MCC in young women -
- E.coli
- S. Saprophyticus - difference b/t presentation of genital herpes and H. ducreyi
- H. ducreyi also has inguinal adenopathy
- MMC of pneumonia in CF pt
- Pseudomonas
- MCC of infection of skin wound or of anything that can introduce bug on skin into body (IV drug users)
- S. Aureus