chapter 8 vocab
Terms
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- organ system
- multiple organs that work together to perform a specific life function
- chromosome
- the cell structures thet carry the gentic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation cells
- hypotoinc solution
- the concetration of disssovled substancesis lower in the soultion outside of the cell than the concentration inside the cell
- spindle
- a football-shaped,cagelike structure consisting of thin fibers made of microtubules;play vaital role in the separation of sister chormatids during mitosis
- hypertonic solution
- the concetration of disssovled substancesis outside the cell is higher than the concetration inside the cell
- passive transport
- the movement of substances across the selectively permeable plasma membrane during osmosis or diffusion, it requires no energy from the cell
- tissue
- groups of cells that work together to perform a scecific function.
- endocytosis
- active transport process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment
- istonic solution
- the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concertration of dissolved substances inside the cell.
- exocytosis
- the expulsion or secretion of matrials from the cell though an active transport process.
- cell cycle
- the sequence of groth and division of a cell
- cytokinesis
- cell process following mitiosis or meiosis in which the cell's cytoplasm divides and separates into new cells
- centromere
- structure that holds sister chromatids togther
- telophase
- final phase of mitosis during which the two daughter cells become seperated and prepare for thier own independent existance.
- sister chromatids
- identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosome formed during the prophase stage of mitosis
- facilitated diffusion
- the passie transport of matrials across the selectiely permeable membrane using trasport protiens.
- organ
- groups of two or more tissues organized toperform complex activities within an organism
- prophase
- first and longest stage of mitosis, the long stringy chromatian coils up to become visble chromosomes
- osmosis
- the diffusion of water accroos a selectively permable membrane based on the concerctration of solutes on either side of the membrane.
- chromatin
- stands of dna contained in the nucleus, which condense during cell divisionto form chromosomes.
- metaphase
- short secound phase of mitiosis where doubled chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle and chromatids are attached by centromeres to separte spindle fiber.
- mitosis
- process nuclear cell division in which two daugther cells aer formed each containg a complte set of chormosomes
- active transport
- the movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient,this requires energy fron the cell
- cancer
- a malignat growth resulting from uncontrolled cell divison
- centriole
- found in anmial cells, they are a pair of small cylindrical structres composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to oppsite ends of the cell during prophase.
- gene
- asegment of dna located on chromosome ,it controls the production of a protein.
- anaphase
- third phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and the chromatid pairs of each chromosome are pulled apart by microtubules.
- interphase
- cell cycle phase where the cell grows in size , carries on metabolism,and replicates chromosmes.