IRMS Gray Benchmark B
Terms
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- the stronger allele
- dominant
- a change in a gene
- mutation
- thymine always pairs with-
- adenine
- male sex cell
- sperm
- number of recessive alleles it takes to have the recessive trait
- two
- father of the theory of evolution
- Charles Darwin
- another term for natural selection
- survival of the fittest
- a trait that helps an organism to survive
- adaptation
- study of heredity
- genetics
- another name for a characteristic
- trait
- a remains or evidence of life from long ago
- fossil
- Father of Genetics
- Mendel
- another name for hybrid
- heterozygous
- process where part of the DNA from 1 organism is put into the DNA of another organism
- genetic engineering
- sex whose chromosomes are XY
- male
- sex whose sex chromosomes are XX
- female
- guanine always pairs with-
- cytosine
- the "weaker" allele
- recessive
- a complete explanation for an event that occurs in nature, it can change as more information becomes available
- theory
- struggle to have your needs met
- competition
- what chromosomes are made of
- DNA
- how a dominant gene is represented
- capital letter
- Darwin's idea that those organisms that are best suited to survive will survive and pass on those good traits to their offspring
- natural selection
- has 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene
- hybrid
- all of the fossils that have been found, the most complete record of life on Earth
- fossil record
- genetic disease where a person has an extra chromosome at the 21st pair of chromosomes
- Down syndrome
- a form of a gene
- allele
- having more babies than can possibly survive
- overproduction
- How many chromosomes do human body cells have?
- 46
- an organism's physical appearance, what it looks like; blue eyes for example
- phenotype
- a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring that can breed
- species
- type of selective breeding where the parents are genetically different but related (liger)
- hybridization
- a gradual change in a species over time
- evolution
- a person who has 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene for a trait, they do not have the disease
- carrier
- body parts from different organisms that are similar in structure like a whale's flipper and a bat's wing
- homologous structures
- has 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes
- purebred
- no longer exists
- extinct
- won a Nobel prize for discovering the structure of DNA
- Watson and Crick
- how a recessive allele is represented
- lowercase letter
- basic unit of heredity, found on chromosomes
- gene
- choosing organisms with desired characteristics so the the offspring will hopefully have those characteristics is called-
- selective breeding
- another name for purebred
- homozygous
- an organism's genetic make up, uses letters; Aa for example
- genotype
- traits that are found attached to the sex chromosomes
- sex linked traits
- type of rock that you may usually find fossils in
- sedimentary rock
- type of selective breeding where the genes of the parents are the same or similar (purebred dogs or race horses)
- inbreeding
- rodlike structures in the nucleus that contain the genetic instructions
- chromosomes
- in genetic engineering, type of organism that is usually has a portion of DNA added to it because it reproduces quickly
- bacteria
- organism that is genetically identical to the organism that it was created from
- clone
- process that forms sex cells
- meiosis
- DNA resembles a twisted ladder or ________.
- double helix
- sex linked diseases include hemophilia, baldness and _______
- colorblindness
- in sedimentary rock, younger and more advanced fossils are usually found on top of _____ fossils
- older
- process that forms body cells, makes an exact copy of cell
- mitosis
- disease where red blood cells are quarter moon shaped
- sickle cell anemia
- How many chromosomes do human sex cells have?
- 23
- the sex that has more sex linked traits because it only takes one of these chromosomes to have the trait
- male
- a developing organism
- embryo
- female sex cell
- egg
- How does the number of chromosomes in the sex cells compare to the number of chromosomes in the body cells?
- half the number
- small differences in members of the same species, for example fur thickness
- variations