science vocab for chapter 3 and sections 1-2 in chapter 4
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- punnet square
- A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
- codominance
- A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
- karyotype
- A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
- probablity
- A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.
- meosis
- The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
- gene
- The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
- homozygus
- Having two of the same alleles for a trait.
- sex linked gene
- A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
- trait
- A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
- phenotype
- An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
- heterozygus
- Having two different alleles for a trait.
- hybrid
- An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.
- genetics
- The scientific study of heredity.
- messanger RNA
- RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
- dominate allele
- An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
- purebred
- The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
- genotype
- An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
- pedigree
- A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
- transfer RNA
- RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
- recessive allele
- An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
- fertilization
- The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism.
- carrier
- A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.
- genetic disorder
- An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
- alleles
- The dfferent forms of a gene.
- multiple alleles
- Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait.
- heredity
- The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- sex chromosomes
- A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female.