blood system (pam)
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
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BLOOD
THE RIVER OF LIFE - .
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BLOOD
PART OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATICS - .
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BLOOD
CLASSIFIED AS A LIQUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
NEARLY HALF IS MADE OF CELLS - .
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BLOOD
ALKALINE PH 7.35-7.45 - .
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BLOOD
VISCOUS, RED (THICK, COLOR VARIES FROM BRIGHT SCARLETT TO DULL, BRICK RED) - .
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BLOOD
AVERAGE ADULT
4-6 LITERS OF BLOOD
4000-6000cc
8-12 PINTS
16-24 CUPS - .
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BLOOD
COUNTS FOR ABOUT 7-9% OF BODY WEIGHT - .
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BLOOD FUNCTIONS:
TRANSPORTATION
REGULATION
PROTECTION - .
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BLOOD FUNCTION: TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION:
NUTRIENTS
WASTES
OXYGEN
HORMONES - .
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BLOOD FUNCTION: REGULATION
REGULATION:
FLUID ELECTROLYTE
ACID-BASE BALANCE
BODY TEMPERATURE - .
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BLOOD FUNCTION: PROTECTION
PROTECTION:
AGAINST PATHOGENS
AGAINST BLOOD LOSS
(BLOOD CLOTTING) - .
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TWO PARTS OF BLOOD:
PART 1: PLASMA-LIQUID PART OF BLOOD
PART 2: FORMED ELEMENTS-(CORPUSCLES)
ERYTHROCYTES-RED BLOOD CELLS
LEUKOCYTES-WHITE BLOOD CELLS
THROMBOCYTES (PLATELETS) - .
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COMPOSITION OF PLASMA (LIQUID)
55% OF THE BLOOD PLASMA (LIQUID)= 91%WATER
45% OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS = 7% PROTEIN - .
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ALBUMEN:
MADE UP BY THE LIVER
KEEPS BLOOD THICK (CONCENTRATED
TO MAINTAIN WATER IN THE BLOOD (BLOOD VOLUME)
DRAWING WATER INTO BLOOD - .
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GLOBULINS:
MADE UP BY THE LIVER
ARE ANTIBODIES THAT PROTECT AGAINST DISEASE - .
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FORMED ELEMENTS:
1. MAKE UP 45% OF THE BLOOD
2. CALLED BLOOD CELLS OR CORPUSCLES
3. COME FROM HEMOPOIETIC TISSUE
(HEMOPOIESIS) RED BONE MARROW
(MYLEOID TISSUE--ALL TYPES - .
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ERYTHRO=RED BLOOD CELL= RBC'S
PRIMARY FUNCTION:
CARRY OXYGEN (O2) FROM LUNGS TO BODY TISSUES
SECONDARY FUNCTION: THEY ALSO CARRY CARBON DIOXIDE (C02) FROM TISSUES TO LUNGS - .
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ERYTHROCYTES=RED BLOOD CELLS= RBC'S
THEY ARE BI CONCAVE DISKS (CAVES IN)
MAIN INGREDIENT:
HEMOGLOBIN (IRON & PROTEIN)
HEMOGLOBIN COMBINES WITH OXYGEN
EQUALS OXYHEMOGLOBIN - .
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ERYTHROCYTES=RED BLOOD CELLS= RBC'S
RBC'S---NO NUCLEI
CANNOT GO THROUGH CELL DIVISION
THEY HAVE TO COME FROM BONE MARROW
BONE MARROW HAS TO BE ACTIVE IN REPRODUCING RBC'S - .
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RED BONE MARROW:
STIMULATED:
BY THE HORMONE ERYTHROPOIETIN FROM THE KIDNEYS IN RESPONSE TO DECREASED OXYGEN (O2) IN BLOOD
HIGHER ALTITUDES: STIMULATED TO MAKE MORE - .
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ERYTHROCYTES=RED BLOOD CELLS= RBC'S
RBC'S LIFESPAN:
120 DAYS OR 4 MONTHS
THEN BROKEN DOWN BY SPLEEN & LIVER
(IRON IS RECYCLED) - .
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ERYTHROCYTES=RED BLOOD CELLS=RBC'S
LAB VALUES
NORMAL RBC LEVEL IS 4.5 TO 5.5 MILLION PER CUBIC MM - .
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1/25 OF A DROP OF BLOOD
EQUALS
4-5 MILLION BLOOD CELLS - .
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NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN (HGB)
12-18 GRAMS PER 100 ML BLOOD
12-15 FEMALE
14-18 MALE - .
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NORMAL HEMOCRIT 45%
SEPARATION OF BLOOD INTO PLASMA & FORMED ELEMENTS - .
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HEMATOCRIT = HCT
HEMOGLOBIN = HGB
HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMATOCRIT = HNH - .
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LEUKOCYTES=WHITE BLOOD CELLS= WBC'S
FUNCTION:
TO DEFEND THE BODY FROM MICROORGANISMS THAT HAVE INVADED THE TISSUES OR BLOODSTREAM.
THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF BLOOD INTO THE TISSUES - .
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LEUKOCYTES=WHITE BLOOD CELLS=WBC'S
STRUCTURE:
LARGER THAN RBC'S
THEY HAVE NUCLEI (CAN REPRODUCE)
THEY ARE COLORLESS (NO HEMOGLOBIN HGB) - .
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LEUKOCYTES=WHITE BLOOD CELLS=WBC'S
LIFESPAN: DAYS, MONTHS OR YEARS - .
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LEUKOCYTES=WHITE BLOOD CELLS=WBC'S
NORMAL LAB VALUE
5000-10,000 PER CU MM - .
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FIVE KINDS OF LUEKOCYTES
-MOST ABUNDANT LISTED FIRST
1. NEUTROPHILS (PHAGOCYTE)ENGULFS/DESTROYS
2. LYMPHOCYTES (PRODUCES ANTIBODIES)
3. MONOCYTES (PHAGOCYTIC) ENGULF/DESTROY
4. EOSINOPHILS (INCREASED - .
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OUR BODYS 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
SKIN-MUCUS MEMBRANE - .
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OUR BODY'S 2ND LINE OF DEFENSE
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
WHEN THE BODY TISSUES ARE INJURED, HISTAMINE IS RELEASED AND 3 EVENTS OCCUR
1. BLOOD VESSELS DILATE (RED/WARMTH)& LEAK. FLUID ESCAPES INTO TISSUES (SWELLING)
< - .
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THROMBOCYTES= PLATELETS= BLOOD CLOTTING
5 STEPS IN BLOOD CLOTTING:
1. INJURY IN BLOOD VESSEL (BLEEDING)
2. PLATELETS GATHER
A) FORM A PLATELET PLUG=DECREASES BLOOD LOSS
B) RELEASE SEROTONIN= BLOOD VESSEL TO CONSTRIC - .
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THROMBOCYTES = PLATELETS = BLOOD CLOTTING
PROTHROMBLIN
ALWAYS IN BLOOD-MADE BY LIVER - .
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THROMBOCYTES= PLATELETS = BLOOD CLOTTING
FIBERGEN
MADE BY LIVER
ALWAYS IN THE BLOOD - .
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THROMBOCYTES=PLATELETS=BLOOD CLOTTING
NORMAL CLOTTING TIME 2-6 MINUTES - .
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THROMBOCYTES=PLATELETS=BLOOD CLOTTING
SEROTONIN
-NOT FOUND IN BLOOD ALL OF THE TIME
FIBRIN
-NOT FOUND IN BLOOD ALL OF THE TIME
THROMBIN
-NOT FOUND IN BLOOD ALL OF THE TIME - .
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REMEMBER IN THE PRESENCE OF
THROMBOPLASTIN (PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR)
CLOTTING FACTORS
AND
CALCIUM
PROTHROMBIN CHANGES TO THROMBIN
THROMBIN CAUSES FIBROGEN
TO CHANGE INTO FIBRIN - .
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BLOOD
OTHER 2% "OTHER STUFF"
IONS
NUTRIENTS
WASTE PRODUCTS
GASES
HORMONES
HEAT - .
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THROMBOCYTES=PLATELETS=BLOOD CLOTTING
LIFESPAN - 10 DAYS
NORMAL LAB VALUE =
150,000-300,000 PER CU MM - .
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THROMBOCYTES=PLATELETS=BLOOD CLOTTING
STRUCTURE: SMALLER THAN RBC'S
NOT TRUE CELLS
INSTEAD
THEY ARE FRAGMENTS
OF A GIANT CELL CALLED A MEGAKARYOCTE - .
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THROMBOCYTES=PLATELETS=BLOOD CLOTTING
FUNCTIONS: BLOOD CLOTTING - .
- PLASMA
- LIQUID PART IN BLOOD
- VISCOUS
- THICK
- ALBUMIN
- PLASMA PROTEIN MADE BY LIVER THAT MAINTAINS BLOOD VOLUME
- HEMOPOIESIS
- PRODUCTION OF BLOOD
- HEMOGLOBIN
- MAIN INGREDIENT OF RBC
- ERYTHROPOIETIN
- HORMONE FROM KIDNEYS THAT STIMULATED RED BONE MARROW TO PRODUCE MORE RBC'S
- ERYTHROCYTE
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RED BLOOD CELL
RBC - LEUKOCYTE
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WHITE BLOOD CELL
WBC - MEGAKARYOCYTE
- LARGE CELL THAT BREAKS UP AND FORMS PLATELETS
- THROMBOCYTE
- PLATELET
- BASOPHILS
- (LEAST) WBC'S THAT INCREASE IN INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS
- EOSINOPHILS
- WBC'S THAT INCREASE IN ALLERGIC CONDITIONS
- LYMPHOCYTES
- LEUKOCYTES THAT PRODUCES ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNITY
- NEUTROPHILS
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MOST ABUNDANT
PHAGOCYTIC WBC'S THAT ARE ATTRACTED TO THE AREA FIRST IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE - MONOCYTES
- PHAGOCYTIC WBC'S THAT ARRIVE SECOND IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- HISTAMINE
- SUBSTANCE THAT IS RELEASED AND TRIGGERS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- SEROTONIN
- SUBSTANCE RELEASES FROM PLATELETS THAT CONSTRICTS BLOOD VESSELS TO DECREASE LOSS
- THROMBOPLASTIN
- SUBSTANCE RELEASED THAT INITIATES THE BLOOD CLOTTING CASCADE
- PROTHROMBIN
- PROTEIN MADE BY LIVER AND IN THE BLOOD CHANGES TO THROMBIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THROMBOPLASTIN, CALCIUM, AND BLOOD CLOTTING FACTORS
- FIBRINOGEN
- A PROTEIN MADE BY THE LIVER AND FOUND IN THE BLOOD THAT CHANGES TO FIBRIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THROMBIN
- FIBRIN
- SUBSTANCE THAT FORMS A NETWORK OF FIBERS WHICH IS A CLOT
- ANTIGEN
- A SUBSTANCE THAT ACTIVATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO MAKE ANTIBODIES
- ANTIBODY
- A SUBSTANCE MADE BY THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN AND DESTROYS IT
- B CELLS
- LYMPHOCYTES THAT PRODUCE PLASMA CELLS AND MEMORY CELLS THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES
- PLASMA CELLS
- PRODUCE ANTIBODIES IMMEDIATELY WHEN FORMED
- MEMORY CELLS
- REMEMBER THE ANTIGEN AND RESPONDS TO ANOTHER EXPOSURE TO THE SAME ANTIGEN
- T CELLS
- LYMPHOCYTES THAT DESTROY ANTIGENS BY RELEASING POISEN AND ATTRACTING MACROPHAGES
- MACROPHAGE
- MONOCYTE IN THE TISSUES THAT ENGULF AND DESTROYS ANTIGENS
- COMPLETMENT
- A GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT REACT TO AN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX AND DESTROYS THE ANTIGEN BY EXPLODING IT
- THROMBIN
- SUBSTANCE IN BLOOD CLOTTING THAT IS FORMED FROM PROTHROMBIN AND CAUSES FIBRINOGEN TO CHANGE TO FIBRIN
- PH OF BLOOD
- 7.35 - 7.45
- AMOUNT OF BLOOD IN LITERS
- 4 TO 6 LITERS
- RBC'S PER CU MM
- 4.5 - 5.5 MILLION PER 1/25 DROP OF BLOOD
- HEMOGLOBIN PER GRAMS/100 ML
- 12-18 PER GRAMS/100 ML
- HEMATOCRIT (PERCENTAGE %)
- 45 % PERCENT
- WBC'S PER CU MM
- 5000-10,000 PER CU MM 1/25 OF A DROP OF BLOOD
- PLATELETS PER CU MM
- 150,000 TO 300,000 PER CU MM
- CLOTTING TIME IN MINUTES
- 2 TO 6 MINUTES
- PERCENT % OF BLOOD THAT IS PLASMA
- 55 PERCENT
- PERCENT % OF PLASMA IS WATER
- 91 % PERCENT
- THE MAIN COMPONENT OF PLASMA IS ?
- WATER
- THE MINERAL NEEDED TO PRODUCE HEMOGLOBIN IN RBC'S IS ?
- IRON
- THE PHAGOCYTIC LEUKOCYTES ARE ? & ?
- NEUTROPHILS & MONOCYTES
- THE SUBSTANCE THAT CAUSES THE BLOOD VESSEL TO CONSTRICT TO SLOW BLOOD LOSS IS ?
- SEROTONIN
- THE SYSTEM BLOOD IS A PART OF IS THE ?
- CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
- THE TISSUE BLOOD IS CLASSIFIED AS IS ?
- CONNECTIVE
- THE SUBSTANCE IN THE PLASMA THAT KEEPS TEH BLOOD CONCENTRATED IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN BLOOD VOLUME IS ?
- ALBUMIN
- THE HORMONE THAT STIMULATES THE BONE MARROW TO PRODUCE RBC'S COMES FROM THE ?
- KIDNEYS
- THE COLOR OF THE BLOOD DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF ?
- OXYGEN ON THE HEMOGLOBIN
- THE LEUKOCYTES THAT ARE INCREASED IN ALLERGIC CONDITIONS ARE THE ?
- EOSINOPHILS
- THE MOST ABUNDANT LEUKOCYTES ARE THE ?
- NEUTROPHILS
- ERYTHROCYTES CANNOT GO THROUGH CELL DIVISION BECAUSE THEY ?
- HAVE NO NUCLEI
- THE LAB TEST WHERE BLOOD IS SEPARATED INTO PLASMA AND FORMED ELEMENTS IS CALLED ?
- HEMATOCRIT
- THE SUBSTANCE IS RELEASED WHEN BODY TISSUES ARE INJURED AND CAUSES INFLAMMATION IS ?
- HISTAMINE
- IN THE BLOOD CLOTTING CASCADE, PROTHROMBIN CHANGES TO ?
- THROMBIN
- FIBRINOGEN CHANGES TO FIBRIN WHEN ?
- THROMBIN IS PRESENT
- THE TYPE OF BLOOD THAT HAS (A ANTIGEN), ANTI-B ANTIBODIES AND PH FACTOR IS ?
- A+ (A POSITIVE)
- AB- (AB NEGETIVE) BLOOD HAS ?
- A AND B ANTIGENS
- T CELLS ARE FORMED IN THE ?
- THYMUS GLAND
- WHEN THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX BECOMES STICKY AND CLUMPS IT IS CALLED ?
- AGGLUTINATION
- WHEN PROTEINS ATTACH TO THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX AND ENZYMES DRILL A HOLE INTO THE CELL MEMBRANE TO DESTROY THE ANTIGEN, IT IS CALLED ?
- COMPLEMENT
- THE TYPE OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY THAT OCCURS WHEN A DISEASE STIMULATES THE BODY TO MAKE ANTIBODIES AND T CELLS ?
- ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE
- THE TYPE OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY THAT OCCURES WHEN ANTIBODIES ARE RECEIVED FROM THE MOTHER THROUGH THE PLACENTA OR BREAST MILK IS ?
- NATURAL PASSIVE
- THE TYPE OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY THAT OCCURS WHEN IMMUNIZATIONS STIMULATE THE BODY TO MAKE ANTIBODIES ?
- ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE
- THE TYPE OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY THAT OCCURS WHEN IMMUNE SERUM CONTAINING ANTIBODIES FROM ANOTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL IS GIVEN IS ?
- ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE
- WHEN B CELLS ARE ACTIVATED BY AN EXPOSURE TO A FOREIGN ANTIGEN ?
- PLASMA CELLS AND MEMORY CELLS ARE PRODUCED
- HEMOPOIETIC TISSUE IS TISSUE THAT ?
- PRODUCES THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD
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THE COLOR OF BLOOD DEPENDS ON HOW MUCH OXYGEN (02) ON HEMOGLOBIN (HGB)
THE MORE BRIGHTER IT IS - .
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ALBUMIN
A SIMPLE PROTEIN FOUND IN BLOOD PLASMA - .
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ANTIBODY
A PROTEIN PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO, AND INTERACTING SPECIFICALLY WITH, AN ANTIGEN - .
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ANTIGEN
A SUBSTANCE THAT INDUCES THE FORMATION OF ANTIBODIES - .
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B CELL
A LYMPHOCYTE THAT MATURES IN LYMPHOID TISSUE AND IS ACTIVE IN PRODUCING ANTIBODIES; B LYMPHOCYTE - .
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COAGULATION
THE PROCESS OF CLOT FORMATION - .
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ELECTROLYTE
A SUBSTANCE THAT SEPARATES INTO CHARGED PARTICLES (IONS) IN SOLUTION; A SALT. ALSO REFERS TO IONS IN BODY FLUIDS - .
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ERYTHROCYTE
A RED BLOOD CELL - .
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FIBRIN
THE PROTEIN THAT FORMS A CLOT IN THE PROCESS OF BLOOD COAGULATION - .
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FIBRINOGEN
THE INACTIVE PRECURSOR OF FIBRIN - .
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FORMED ELEMENTS
THE CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD - .
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HEMOGLOBIN
THE IRON-CONTAINING PIGMENT IN RED BLOOD CELLS THAT TRANSPORTS OXYGEN - .
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HEMOSTASIS
THE STOPPAGE OF BLEEDING - .
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IMMUNITY
THE STATE OF BEING PROTECTED AGAINST A SPECIFIC DISEASE - .
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LEUKOCYTE
A WHITE BLOOD CELL - .
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LYMPHOCYTE
A LYMPHATIC CELL; A TYPE OF AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTE - .
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
THE ENGULFING OF FOREIGN MATERIAL BY WHITE BLOOD CELLS - .
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PLASMA
THE LIQUID PORTION OF THE BLOOD - .
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PLATELET
A FORMED ELEMENT OF THE BLOOD THAT IS ACTIVE IN HEMOSTASIS; A THROMBOCYTE - .
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SERUM
THE FRACTION OF THE PLASMA THAT REMAINS AFTER BLOOD COAGULATION; IT IS THE EQUIVALENT OF PLASMA WITHOUT ITS CLOTTING FACTORS - .
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T CELL
A LYMPHOCYTE THAT MATURES IN THE THYMUS GLAND AND ATTACKS FOREIGN CELLS DIRECTLY. T LYMPHOCYTE - .
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THROMBOCYTE
A BLOOD PLATELET - .
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ALLERGEN
A SUBSTANCE THAT CAUSES AN ALLERGIC RESPONSE. - .
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ALLERGY
HYPERSENSITIVITY - .
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ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
AN EXAGGERATED ALLERGIC REACTION TO A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE - .
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ANEMIA
A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SIZE OF RED BLOOD CELLS OR THE AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD. MAY RESULT FROM BLOOD LOSS, MALNUTRITION, A HEREDITARY DEFECT, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND OTHER CAUSES. - .
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APLASTIC ANEMIA
ANEMIA CAUSED BY BONE MARROW FAILURE RESULTING IN DEFICIENT BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION, ESPECIALLY THAT OF RED CELLS. - .
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AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
A CONDITION IN WHICH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM PRODUCES ANTIBODIES AGAINST AN INDIVIDUAL'S OWN TISSUES - .
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ECCHYMOSIS
A COLLECTION OF BLOOD UNDER THE SKIN CAUSED BY LEAKAGE FROM SMALL VESSELS - .
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HEMOLYSIS
THE RUPTURE OF RED BLOOD CELLS AND THE RELEASE OF HEMOGLOBIN - .
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HEMOPHILIA
A HEREDITARY BLOOD DISEASE CAUSED BY LACK OF CLOTTING FACTOR AND RESULTING IN ABNORMAL BLEEDING - .
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HODGKIN'S DISEASE
A NEOPLASTIC DISEASE OF UNKNOWN CAUSE THAT INVOLVES THE LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, LIVER, AND OTHER TISSUES; CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF GIANT REED-STERNBERG CELLS - .
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HYPERSENSITIVITY
AN IMMUNOLOGIC REACTION TO A SUBSTANCE THAT IS HARMLESS TO MOST PEOPLE; ALLERGY - .
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IMMUNODEFICIENCY
A CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED FAILURE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO PROTECT AGAINST DISEASE. - .
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LEUKEMIA
MALIGNANT OVERGROWTH OF IMMATURE WHITE BLOOD CELLS. MAY BE CHRONIC OR ACUTE; MAY AFFECT BONE MARROW (MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA) OR LYMPHOID TISSUE (LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA) - .
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LYMPHADENOPATHY
ANY DISEASE OF THE LYMPH NODES - .
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LYMPHOMA
ANY MALIGNANT DISEASE OF LYMPHOID TISSUE, SUCH AS HODGIN'S DISEASE, BURKITT'S DISEASE, AND OTHERS. - .
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MULTIPLE MYELOMA
A TUMOR OF THE BLOOD FORMING TISSUE IN BONE MARROW - .
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PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
ANEMIA CAUSED BY FAILURE OF THE STOMACH TO PRODUCE INTRINSIC FACTOR, A SUBSTANCE NEEDED FOR THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12 - .