Ancient China 1
Terms
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- Gobi
- a harsh desert that separates China from its neighbors
- Huang He
- - also called the yellow river - stretches for 3,000 miles across China - sometimes called China's Sorrow, as when it floods millions have died
- Shang Jiang
- - also called the Yangzi River - flows through central China from the mountians of Tibet to the Pacific Ocean
- Rice
- - as early as 7000 bc, farmers grew rice in the middle of Chang Jiang
- Jade
- hard jemstone
- Xia Dynasty
- Yu the Great is said to have founded
- Shang Dynasty
- >- firmly established in 1500 bc - the social order became stronger under the Shang.(nobles, artisans, farmers, slaves) -Made advances including China's first writing system. -oracle bones were used to make predictions.
- Zhou Dynasty
- -Zhou Kings cliamed to have the mandate of heaven -established a new political order with the King, lords(people of high rank), and peasants(farmers with small farms). -kings ruled through the help of the lords, which helped the Zhou control distant areas -lords passsed their authority to their sons, who began to reject Zhou kingdom authority
- Confucious
- most influential teacher in Chinese history
- Kongfuzi
- title given to Confucius meaning Master Kong
- ethics
- moral values
- confucianism
- the ideas of Confucius
- Teachings of Confucius
- -wanted China to return the time when people knew their proper roles in society -fathers hould display high moral values -children should obey their parents - family should be loyal to each other
- The Analects
- book containing Confucius ideas
- Daoism
- Stressed living in harmony with the Dao. They wanted the government to stay out of peoples lives
- Dao
- the guiding force of all reality, according to Daoists
- Daoists taught
- that the universe is a balance of opposites
- Laozi
- most famous Daoist teacher
- Legalism
- belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled
- Qin Dynasty
- -221 BC Ying Zheng unified China
- Shi Huangdi
- title Ying Zheng gave himself meaning "first emperor"
- Qin Government
- strict rules and harsh punishment. Everything that did not deal with legalism was burnt, besides the ones dealing with other neccessary aspects of life
- Qin Control of China
- Shi Huangdi divided china into districts, each with its own governor, then the districts divided into counties, each with appointed officials. This helped enforce the tax system and maintained a strict chain of command
- Qin Policies laws and life
- Shi Huangdi wated all Chinese people to do everything the same way. including --standardized written language, new money system, weights and measures had to be exact.
- Qin Achievemnets
- -network of roads for quicker movement -canals were dug to connect the rivers -and to protect China from Nomads, the Great Wall
- sundial
- uses the postion of shadows cast by the sun to tell time of day
- seismograph
- is a device that measures the strength of an earthquake
- acupuncture
- is the practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain
- silk
- a soft, light highly valued fabric
- silk road
- this 4000 mile-long network of routes stretched westward from China across Asia's desserts and moutian ranges, through the Middle East,until it reached the Mediterrannean Sea.
- diffusion
- the spread of ideas from one culture to anther