MEDTERM - Respiratory System
Terms
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- alveol/o
- alveolus (air sac)
-
bronch/o
bronchi/o -
bronchus (airway)
e.g. bronchi/ectasis
bronchus /expansion or dilation - bronchiol/o
- bronchiole (little airway)
- laryng/o
-
larynx (voice box)
laryng/o/spasm
larynx/involuntary contraction - lob/o
- lobe (a portion)
-
nas/o
rhin/o - nose
- or/o
- mouth
- ox/o
- oxygen
- pharyng/o
- pharynx (throat)
- phren/o
- diaphragm (also mind)
- pleur/o
- pleura
-
pneum/o
pneumon/o - air or lung
- pulmon/o
- lung
- sinus/o
- sinus (cavity)
- spir/o
- breathing
-
thorac/o
pector/o
steth/o -
chest
e.g. thorac/algia = chest/pain - tonsil/o
- tonsil (almond)
- trache/o
-
trachea (windpipe)
trache/o/sten/osis
windpipe/narrow/condition or increase - -pnea (additional suffix)
-
breathing
dys/pnea
difficult/breathing -
capn/o
carb/o -
carbon dioxide
hyper/capn/ia
above or excessive/carbon dioxide/pertaining to
hypo/capn/ia = below or deficient/ - What is the pathway of air?
-
Nose -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi
-> lungs -> alveoli - What is the respiratory system composed of?
- Organs & structures that function to exchange gases with the body.
- What occurs when there is an "exchange of gases" - respiration?
- Oxygen from the air is inhaled into the lungs and passes into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs and is exhaled into the air.
- What are two other names for respiration?
- breathing or ventilation
-
What are the names for;
a. intake of air
b. outflow of air -
a. inspiration or inhalation
b. expiration or exhalation - pharynx
- throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
- nasopharynx
- part of the pharynx directly behing the nasal passages
- oropharynx
- Central portion of pharynx between the roof of the mouth and upper edge of the epiglottis. Passageway for food and air.
- laryngopharynx
- lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and esophagus
- tonsils (palatine tonsils)
-
oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion.
Made of lymphoid tissue. - adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)
- lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose
- larynx
- voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords.
- glottis
- opening between the vocal cords of the larynx
- epiglottis
- a lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
- trachea
- windpipe; passageway of air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into right and left brochus
- right and left bronchus
- two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs
- bronchial tree
- branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs
- bronchioles
- progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways
-
alveoli (plural)
alvelous (singular) - thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
- lungs
- two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration
- lobes
- subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right
- pleura
- membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)
- pleural cavity
- potential space between visceral and parietal layers of the pleura
-
diaphragm
diaphragmat/o/cele
diaphragm/pouching or hernia -
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
FUNCTION: aids in the respiration by moving up and down - mediastinum
- partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (that contain right and left lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland
- eupnea
- normal breathing
- bradypnea
- slow breathing
- tachypnea
- fast breathing
- hypopnea
- shallow breathing
- hyperpnea
- deep breathing
- dyspnea
- difficulty breathing
- apnea
- inability to breathe
- orthopnea
- ability to breath only in an upright position
- Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- periods of apnea followed by periods of dyspnea
- dysphonia
- horsness
- epistaxis
- nosebleed
- expectoration
- coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs
- sputum
- material expelled from the lungs by coughing
- hemoptysis
- coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs (ptysis = to spit)
-
hypercapnia (note spelling)
hypercarbia - excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood (capno=smoke; carbo=coal)
- hyperventilation
- excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
- hypoventilation
- deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
- hypoxemia
- deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
- hypoxia
- deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
- obstructive lung disorder
- condition blocking flow of air moving out of the lungs
- restrictive lung disorder
- condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
- rhinorrhea (nb: spelling)
- thin, watery discharge from the nose
- rhinomycosis (nb: spelling)
- fungal infection of the nasal mucosis
- muco
- mucus
- pus-
- purulent
- mucopurent
- drainage of both mucus and pus
- stenosis
-
narrowing
e.g. tracheostenosis = narrowing of the trachea - asthma (nb: spelling)
- panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by PAROXYSMAL (SUDDEN, PERIODIC)attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
- atelectasis
- collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele=imperfect)
- bronchitis
- inflammation of the bronchi
- bronchogenic carcinoma
- lung cancer
- bronchiectasis (nb:spelling)
- abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- laryngitis (nb:spelling)
- inflammation of larynx
-
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
also know as "croup" - inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough
- laryngospasm (nb: spelling)
- spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction
- pharyngitis (nb: spelling)
- inflammation of the pharynx
- coryza
- head cold
- pyothorax
- accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
- heothorax
- blood in pleural cavity
- pneumothorax
- air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
- pneumoheothorax
- air and blood in the pleural cavity
- pneumonitis
- inflammation of the lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts
- pulmonary embolism
- occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot
- pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
- disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercules, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions
- auscultation
- to listen; a physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope, such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds
- -scopy
- examination using a scope
- endoscopy
- examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purpose
- bronchoscopy
- use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine airways
- nasopharyngoscopy
- use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx (throat) to diagnose structural abnormalities such as obstructions, growths, cancers
-
pertussis
also known as "whooping cough" - and acute infectious disease. Symptoms are; catarrh caused by inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory system; a perculiar paroxismal cough that ends in a "whoop"
- bronchogram
- x-ray film of bronchi
- bronchography
- recording of the bronchi
- adenoidectomy
- excision of adenoids
- lobectomy
- removal of a lobe of a lung
- nasal polypectomy
- removal of a nasal polyp
- pneumonectomy
- removal of an entire lung
- thoracentesis
- puncture for aspiration of the chest
- thoracoplasty
- repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs
- thoracoscopy
- endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope
- thoracostomy
- creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube
- thoracotomy
- incision into the chest
- tonsillectomy
- excision of palatine tonsils
- tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A)
- excision of tonsils and adenoids
- tracheostomy
- creation of an opening in the trachea most often to insert a tube
- tracheotomy
- incision into trachea
- antibiotic
- a drug that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms
- anticoagulant
- drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of, thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels (e.g. heparin)
-
antihistamine
histamine - a compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation, etc. causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, dilation of blood vessels etc.
- bronchodilator
- a drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi
- expectorant
- a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing