MHIII Final
Terms
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- Sibelius
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Modal melodies,
uncomplicated rhythms repetition of motives,
pedal points,
strong contrasts of orchestral timbres and textures - Rachmoninov
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Pianist
Created new melodies that sounded fresh and familiar
Did conventional, but in a new way - Satie
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Repetitive unresolved music
Commentary inside music, not on program - Schoenberg
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Committed to German classic tradition
Used 12 tone method.
Continue tradition, and say something that hadn’t been said before.
Thought nothing should repeated
Organized his atonal music:
Developing variation, integration of harmony and melody, and chromatic saturation.
Created pitch-class set
Created 12 tone method, or row form.
Created Sprechstimme-A form of dramatic declamation between singing and speaking - Berg
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Studied with Schoenberg
Mixed atonal, and tonal, with expressive gestures.
Used Sprechstimme
Eventually adapted 12 tone style - Webern
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Studied with Schoenberg
Felt music operates under natural law, and not taste.
Adopted 12 tone method.
Pointillism - Stravinsky
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Russian nationalist
Frequent ostinatos
Layering blocks of sound
Dissonance based on diatonic, octatonic
Dry, colorful use of instruments
Borrowed Russian folk tunes
Launched neo-classicism
Neotonal-using new way to establish a note as a tonal center.
12 tone-became serial music.
Very influential - Bartok
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Combined Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak, and Bulgarian.
Studied Hungarian Peasant music
Used piano as more percussive
Pushed limits of dissonance
Combined classic(formal procedures) with peasant tradition (complex meters, mixed modes)
Used neotonality - Shostakovich
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All work was created in a politicized context.
Expand # of movements
Add Voices
Overlay tonal areas
Dense chromaticism
Tight dissonant chords - Copland
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Combined modernism and American national idioms
Gay, Jewish, Leftie
Borrowed traditional songs
Wide spaced sonorities, octaves, and fifths. - John Cage
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Focused on new sounds
Prepared piano-inserting objects in between strings
Influenced by Buddhism
Used: Chance, indeterminacy, and blurring art, music, and life. - Atonal School
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Led us into 20th century
Post WWII
Serial, 12 tone school
Schoenberg (Father of Atonal)-2 disciples=Berg and Webern
Berg:
1.) Indeterminacy (John Cage) Philosophical composition technique (“Chanceâ€)
2.) Electronic Music
3.) Minimalism- small idea repeated over and over again
Bitonality-two keys, spread apart
Polytonality
Multiphonics-overtones
Webern-Pointalism - Chromaticism
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Utilization of rhythm
Stravinsky-3 Ballet Suite
Firebird
Petrouchka
Rite of Spring
Primitivism-Rousseau - Neo Classicism
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18th Century Aesthetics, with 20th century tonal language
fugal writing
church music
linear counterpoint
Stravinsky-Pedal point
Ostinato pattern
Nationalism, French Les Six (Honegger, Poulenc, Milhaud) - Neo Romanticism
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Nationalism
1.) 19th century aesthetics, Rejects new work, hate atonal music, compose as if it never occurred.
Sibelius
2.) 19th century aesthetics, 20th century harmonic language