Psychology - Ch. 1
Terms
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- scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- psychology
- early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic components, or structures, of conscious experiences
- structuralism
- 2 disciples that influenced the emergence of psychology
- philosophy & physiology
- Founder of Psychology?
- Wilhelm Wundt
- early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic components or structures of conscious experiences
- structuralism
- personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasize the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior
- psychoanalysis
- main proponents of behaviorism
- Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
- focused on the scientific study of overt behavior that could be objectively measured & verified AND rejected the emphasis on consciousness promoted by structuralism & functionalism, as well as Freudian notions of unconsciousness influences
- behaviorism
- emphasizes each person's unique potential for psychological growth & self-direction
- humanistic psychology
- 7 major perspectives in psychology
- biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, cross-cultural, and evolutionary
- emphasizes studying the physical bases if human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics
- biological perspective
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emphasize the importance of unconscious influences, early life experience, and interpersonal relationships in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior or in treating people w/ psychological problem
psychodynamic perspective - psychodynamic perspective
- branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior & mental processes
- cross-cultural psychology
- the belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others, & the related tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by w/c to judge other cultures
- ethnocentrism
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cultures that emphasize the needs & goals of the individual over the needs & goals of the group
individualistic cultures - individualistic cultures
- the application of principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes & phenomena
- evolutionary psychology
- cultures that emphasize the needs & goals of the group over the needs & goals of the individual
- collectivistic cultures
- a set of assumptions, attitudes & procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in generating evidence, & in drawing conclusions
- scientific method