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An - LN1

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A biomedical facility designed for housing of germ-free animals is referred to as _____ facility
barrier facility
Define microenvironment
Environmental conditions w/in an individual animal cage
Define thermoneutral zone
temp ranges for which an animal does not need physical or chemical mechanisms to control heat productionor heat loss
Animals rooms must have a minimum of ____ air changes per hour
10-15 air changes/hr
Which type of room should be under negative air pressure?
1. Quarantine - what to keep contaminates for leaving & spreading elsewhere.
A diurnal lighting system is one that used ___ hours of light followed by ___ hours of darkness
12 & 12
A type of plastic used for cages that is transparent & haws high impact strength & resistance to high heat & chemicals is __
polycarbonate cages
The study of animals w/ completely know flora & fauna is referred to as ___
Gnotobiology
Animals that are know to be free of certain pathogens are referred to as ___
SPF - specific pathogen free
Animals kept in animals rooms & experimental areas that undergo periodic testing to ID the presence of any microorganisms in the animal colonies are referred to as____
sentinel - surveillance animal housed for the purpose of ID abnormal occurances
Define macroenvironmnet
environmental conditions w/in a room used to house animals
how are minimum space requirements for lab animals determined
1. Health
2. repror\duction
3. growth
4. behavior
5. activity
Which types of rooms should have positive pressure?
1. Surgery suites so contaminants outside the suite do not get sucked in.
2. Animal areas
What are important aspects of faciliy design
1. Controlled environment
2. Decrease disease transmission
Types of Facility design:
1. Conventional - Rooms open to hall - Contamination protential
2. Double corridor - clean & dirty areas w/1 way directions to decrease contamination.
3. Barrier - SPF, antiroom to prep room - showere before & after
4.Containment - zonosis aka Plum Island, hi security
Why are control of temp & humidity important
1. affect metabolism & behavior
2. Species dependent
3. Goal - TNZ or optimal for species - ex. rodents don't sweat so keep < TNZ
4. Small animals get dehydrated at "normal" temos so need humidity regulation
5. De stress rabbits w/ cooler air
Why is ventilation important
1. O2 supply
2. Remove odor,& heat build up
What controls the flow of air & why is it important
Air pressure to control the directional flow into or out of different parts of te facility
Hi/Low light should be in the environment of albino animals & why
Low b/c non-pigmented eyes are susseptible to the penetration of UV light damaging the retina
How does the decible level effect different species?
1. Rats will not breed
2. Rabbits exhibit injurious behavior
3. Gerbils & rats seizure
Design considerations:
1.Ventilation
2. Light
3. Noise
4. Social environment
5.Air pressure
6. Temp & humidity
7. waterproof
8. no wall seams for pathogens to hide
Enclosure types
1. cages
2.Shoebox
3. suspended
4. metabolism cage - collect urine,etc.
5. gang cage - social groups
6. On site transportation
7. Distance transportation
8. Pens & runs-dogs 7 farm animals
9. activity cages - exercises
10. specialty medical cages - inhalation
USDA requirements
1. Dogs - written exercise
2. Primates - BE
BE for lab animals include:
1. BE - non-human primates
2. Exercise - dogs
3. vertical space - species specific
4. Ledges
5. cage modifications like tunnels,
6.toys,
7.climbing ropes,
8.`foraging opportunities
What is the goal of an enrichment program
to provide a mechanism for the animal to express an innate behavior that results in a positive effect on its health & well-being
Whatis required by the AWA if dogs cannot have direct physical contact with other dogs
Must have regular human contact.
Who governs the acquisition of lab animals
Fed laws require USDA-liceensed dealers, proper wiatinf period & record keeping,`
What are animals bred specifically for research purposes called
Purpose bread
What are random source animals
Animals obtained by Class B dealers for shelters.
Best cage constructin materials regardless of expense
Stainless - smooth, storng, rust free.
Polycarbonate Plastic -
Rats are in which order & characteristics
rodentia
2 pairs of continuously growing incisors
No gallbladder
Harderian gland
5 dig on rear feet
4 dig on front feet
epiphysis don't close
What is the harderian gland
behind the eye that produces red tears (chromodacryotthea)
What is most commonly used rat
rattus norgevis
what is hypodontic
teeth the same height
How to sex rats
anogenital distance

Male is longer
Can rats vomit?
No - one way liniting rider
What is max volume IV in a rat
5mL/kg
What is max volume SQ for rat
5mL/kg
Max Im in rat
0.1mL/site
What is the total blood volume of rat & how much can you remove
50mg/kg safely withdraw 10%
Vein options in rats
Need anesthesia
1. Saphenous
2. Jugular
3. Femoral

Non-anelgesia - Pierce - lateral tail
Blood collection sites
1. tail clip
2. toenail clip
3. venous collection
Rat diseases
1. mycoplasmosis - chronic respiratory dz
2.neoplasia - mammary fibrodenoma
3. Malocclusion
Best temp for rats
21-22C
Volume that can be injected IP in a rat
10mg/kg
Define gavage
feeding tube directly into the tomach
Injectible anesthetics most commonly used in rats
1. ketamine (w/ xylazine
2. Pentobarbital - IP for quick absorption
Tx for mycoplasmosis
1. Don't crowd b/c ammonia exacerbates
2. NO CURE- tx the clinical signs w/ antibiotics,
3. bronchodilators
What is advantage of brown fat in rats
thermogenic - hi caloric & often seen in hibernating animals

Storage of glycogen
Problems in dosages for rats
Hi metabolic rate so high that it is difficult to dose
Define strain
inbred w/ hig control over genetics

bred for specific conditions
Define stock
outbred or randomly bred -
Why use rats for human dz
1.Toxicology b/c dont vomit
2. Have molars like humand
3. obesity
4. hypertension
5. cataracts
Define copulatory plug
combo of semen & vaginal secretions that plug the vagina
How to prevent bumble foot
feet are delicate so have bedding over wire mesh
Rat off spring are called
pups or fuzzies
What is average male rat weight
450-500g
Rats are di/nocternal
nocternal
Where is pophyrin secreted in rats
harderian gland near teh eye - "red tears"
How many mammary glands do rats have
Femal e- 6 pairs

Males- NONE

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