chapter 14.1/15
Terms
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- change
- evolution
- earth began
- 4.6 billion years ago
- 4 billion years ago
- seas/atmosphere forms
- oldest rocks
- 3.9 billion yrs ago
- single-celled organism
- 3.5 billion yrs ago
- evidence of an organism that lived long ago
- fossil
- animal footprint
- trace
- replica of the organism
- cast
- minerals make copies
- petrified
- imprint of something that fell in a sediment
- imprints
- organism that was trapped in ice or hardened in sap
- amber-preserved/frozen
- organism buried in sediment then decays leaving an empty space
- mold
- study fossils/ancient life
- palentologists
- 1. looking at fossil
- determine organism
- 2. look at the leg bone
- how it gets around
- 3. climate
- palentologist
- 4. geography/topography
- is it mountainous or not
- sedimentary/metamorphic/igneous
- 3 types of rocks
- hot molten/no fossils
- igneous
- change shape/heat and pressure/no fossils
- metamorphic
- layers of sediments
- sedimentary
- chronological order
- relative dating
- literal date of the rock
- radiometric dating
- half of the life it takes to make a new substance
- half-life
- potassium 40 dates back
- 1.3 billion years
- carbon 14 dates back
- 5730 years
- precambrian/paleozoic/cenozoic
- 4 eras
- life explodes in fossil records
- cambrian/paleozoic
- dinosaurs appear
- triasic/mesozoic
- ancient arthropods
- trilobite
- ancestor of today's bird
- archaepterayx
- continents were once together
- theory of pangaea
- geological explanation for how the continents move
- plate tectonics
- dinosaurs dissapear/humans evolve/placental mammals/mammals and birds survive
- mesozoic/cenozoic
- ideas supported by fossil evidence
- charles darwin
- job was a naturalist on the
- HMS beagle
- species compete for everything and the strongest survive
- thomas malthus and darwin
- breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits/selective breeding
- artificial selection
- mechanism for change in populations/organisms with certain variations survive, reproduce and pass their variations to the next generation
- natural selection
- had similar ideas to Darwin
- alfred russell wallace
- darwins book
- origin of the species
- any trait that allows a species to survive better
- adaption
- structural adaption that allowsone species to resemble another
- mimicry
- helps them blend in with their surroundings
- camoflauge
- the study of fossils shows that
- there was progression and supports the idea that species change
- homologous structure/analogous structure
- anatomical structure
- vestigal structure
- functional structure
- gill slits/tail/ embryo
- embryological development
- biochemistry and evolutionary tree
- genetic relationships
- individuals dont evolve
- populations do
- gene behavior in a population
- population genetics
- all alleles of the populations gene
- gene pool
- % of any specific allele in the gene pool
- allelic frequency
- frequency of alleles remain the same over generations
- genetic equilibrium
- mutation/genetic drift/individuals moving into or out of a population/natural selection
- disruption of genetic equilibrium
- stabilizing/directional/disruptive
- 3 types of selection
- favors average in individuals
- stabilizing
- favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
- directional
- individuals have both extremes
- distruptive
- when members of similar populations cant interbreed to produce
- speciation
- occurs when a physical barrier divides a population
- geographic isolation
- when formly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate/produce fertile offspring
- reproductive isolation
- species with multiples of the normal set of chromosomes
- polyploid
- gradual build-up of adaptions
- gradualism
- rapid bursts with long periods of stability in between
- punctuated equilibrium
- adaptive radiation
- patterns of evolutions/darwins finches/ancestral species evolve into an array of species to git a # of diverse habitats
- divergent evolution
- rhea/emu/ patterns of evolution/pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge and become increasingly distinct
- convergent evolution
- whales/ dolphins/pattern of evolution/pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits