Basic Audio Final Exam
Terms
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- Compression
- Air molecules moving closer together
- Rarefaction
- air molecules moving further apart
- waveform
- graphical representation of sound pressure over time
- amplitude
- volume; representation by height above or below center line
- frequency
- hertz; number of cycles per second
- velocity
- how fast sound travels
-
wavelength
which is longer, higher or lower frequencies? -
pyshical length of wave from beginning to end of cycle
higher frequency = shorter - diffusion and absorption
-
diffusion - scattered reflections caused by non-flat surfaces
absorption - soaking up of sound by a surface - spl
- sound pressure level, the higher the spl, the louder the sound. measured in db's
- transducer
- changes one form of energy into another
- fletcher munson
- humans can hear mid frequencies better than highs and lows
- masking
- loud signals prevents the ear from hearing the softer sounds
- ____________ requires phantom power
- condenser
- omnidirectional
- picks up equally well in all directions
- directional
- picks up sound better from directions than other directions
- cardoid
- picks up sound in front; rejects in rear
- super cardoid
- better side rejection than cardoid
- bidirectional
- picks up sound equally well at front and rear
- shure sm57
- cardoid, snare drum, electrical guitar
- akg d112
- dynamic cardoid; bass drum, bass guitar
- senheiser md421
- dynamic cardoid; toms and horns
- akg 414
- large diaphragm condensor; capable of 4 seperate patterns, voice
- neumann u87
- large diaphragm condenser; omni, cardoid, bi; vocals, acoustic guitar
- proximity effect
- increase in bass response as a directional mic is moved with 1' of a sound source
- DI
- active di requires phantom power
- close micing
- mic positioned 1-3''s from source, reduces leakage
- ambient micing
- mic placed at a distance from the sound
- spaced pair
- mics spaced a few feet to more than 30'
- 3:1 rule
- for every unit of distance between a mic and its source, a nearby mic should be at least 3 times that distance
- x/y
- two directional mics as close together without touching angled at 90degrees
- blumlein
- stereo micing technique
- m/s mid side
- cardoid mic facing source and bidirectional mic with null side facing source