Basic Muscle terms
Terms
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- What are the two types of muscles?
- Striated (meaning striped) which are voluntary and Nonstriated (smooth) which are involuntary.
- proprioception
- perception of the stimuli
- How are most muscles connected?
- Indirectly to the bones through connective tissue bands. One is called a tendon which is fibrous and cord-like. Another is the aponeurosis which is flat white and ribbon-like.
- What are muscles part of?
- The musculoskeletal system, which means muscles and skeleton.
- What are the 7 primary ways that muscle names are derived?
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1) SHAPE eg. triangularis, a muscle of the face that is triangular in shape
2) LOCATION eg. abdominis located in the abdominal area
3) ATTACHMENT eg. sternocleidomastoid is attached to the sternum, clavicle and mastoid
4) SIZE eg. maximus or major, both meaning larger or largest
5)ORIENTATION OF FIBERS direction that the individual fibers of a muscle extend eg. rectus meaning straight
6)RELATIVE POSITION these muscles contain basic directional planes eg. lateral, medial, etc.
7)FUNCTION the actual movement the muscles produce eg. adductor, a muscle that moves toward a medial plane - Anterior
- In front of or toward the front of a body part or organ. Term also used in reference to VENTRAL or belly surface of the body.
- Coronal
- Situated in the direction of the coronal suture (the plane at a right angle to the median plane). Also means pertaining to the head or crown,
- Distal
- Remote, farther from any point of reference, opposite of proximal.
- Inferior
- Situated below or directed downward, also used to denote the lower portion of an organ or the lower of two structures.
- Lateral
- Pertaining to the side, denoting a position farther from the midline (median plane) of a structure.
- Medial
- Pertaining to the middle, closer to the midline of a body, pertaining to the middle layer.
- Posterior
- Situated in the back, also used in reference to the back or DORSAL surface of the body.
- Proximal
- Nearest, closer to any point of reference, opposite of distal.
- Sagittal
- Situated in or parallel to the sagittal suture, said of an anterposterior plane or parallel to the median (middle) part of the body.
- Transverse
- Placed crosswise, situated at right angles to the long axis.
- Ventral
- Pertaining to the abdomen, also used to denote a position which is more toward the belly surface than some other object of reference.