Chapter 3 - Cells
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- cyt
- cell
- cytoplasm
- the fluid (cytosol) and organelles that occupy the space between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope
- Endo
- with in
- endoplasmic reticulum
- a complex of membranous structures within the cytoplasm
- hyper
- above
- hypertonic
- a solution that has a greater concentration of dissolv particles than another solution example: extracellular fluid
- hypo-
- below
- hypotonic
- a solution that has lesser concentrat dissolved particles than another solution
- inter-
- between
- Interphase
- the stage that occurs between mitotic divisions of cells
- iso-
- equal
- isotonic
- a solution that has a concentration of dissolved particles equal to that of another solution
- mit
- thread
- mitosis
- division of a somatic cell to form two genetically identical cells
- phag
- eat
- phagocytosis
-
membrane engulfs solid particles from surroundings (cellular energy)
Examaple: white blood cell engulfing bacterial cell - pino
- to drink
- pinocytosis
-
membrane and goals tiny droplets of liquid from surroundings (cellular energy)
Example: membrane forming vesicles containing liquid and dissolved particles - som
- body
- ribosome
- a tiny, spherical organelle consisting of protein and RNA
- active transport
-
carrier molecules move molecules or ions through membranes for regions of lower concentrations towards regions of higher (cellular energy)
Example: movement of various ions, sugars, and amino acids through membranes - centrosome
- cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles
- chromosome
- rodlike structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleaus during mitosis
- differentiation
- cell specialization due to differential gene expression
- diffusion
-
molecules or items moved from regions of higher concentration towards regions of lower concentration (molecular motion)
Example: O2 and CO2 exchange - endocytosis
- process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesical
- equilibrium
- state of balance between two opposing forces
- exocytosis
-
vesical fuses with membrane to expel substances from cell (cellular energy)
Example: secretion of certain hormones - facilitated diffusion
-
carrier molecules move molecules, through membrane from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration (molecular motion)
Example: movement of glucose through cell membrane - filtration
-
molecules are forced from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure (hydrostatic pressure)
Example: water molecules leading blood capillaries - Golgi apparatus
- an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion
- lysosome
- oorganelle that contains digestive enzymes
- mitochondrion
- organelle housing enzymes that catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration
- nucleolus
- small structure within cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins
- nucleus
- cellular organelle enclosed by double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA
- osmosis
-
water molecules move from regions of higher concentrations towards regions of lower through a selectively permeable membrane (molecular motion)
Example: distilled water entering a cell - selectively permeable
- describes membrane that allows some molecules through and not others; semipermeable
- vesicle
- membranous cytoplasmic sacformed by infolding of cell membrane
-
cell membrane
structure - membrane composed of proteins and lipid molecules
-
cell membrane
function - maintains integrity of cell and controls passage of materials into and out of cells
-
endoplasmic reticulum
structure - complex of interconnected membrane-bound sacs and canals
-
endoplasmic reticulum
function - transports materials within cell, provide attachment for ribosomal, and synthesizes lipids
-
ribosomes
structure - particles composed of protein and ofRNA molecules
-
ribosomes
function - synthesize proteins
-
Golgi apparatus
structure - group of flattened, membranous sacs
-
Golgi apparatus
function - packages proteins molecules for transport and secretion
-
mitochondria
structure - membranous sacs within inner partitions
-
mitochondria
function - release energy from nutrient molecules and transform energy into usable form
-
lysosome
structure - membranous sacs
-
lysosome
function - Digest worn cellular parts or substances that enters cells
-
centrosome
structure - not membranous structure, composed of two rodlike centrioles
-
centrosome
function - help distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell reproduction
-
cilia and flagella
structure - motile projections attached beneath the cell membrane
-
Celia and flagella
function - propelled fluid over cellular services, and enable sperm cells to move
-
vesicles
structure - membranous sacs
-
vesicles
function - contain various substances
-
microfilaments and microtubules
structure - thin rods and tubules
-
microfilaments and microtubules
function - support the cytoplasm and help move substances and organelles within the cytoplasm
-
nuclear envelope
structure - double membrane that separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
-
nuclear envelope
function - maintains integrity of nucleus and controls the passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
-
nucleolus
structure - dense, non-membranous body composed of proteins and RNA molecules
-
nucleolus
function - site of ribosome synthesis
-
Chromatin
structure - Fibers comsposed of protein and DNA molecules
-
Chromatin
function - contains information for synthesizing proteins