Pharmacy 2

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What term is used for the science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs and their interaction with the systems of living animals: Pharmacology
What is the study of the uses of drugs in teh treatment of disease?: Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacokinetics is teh branch of pharmacology that deals with the scientific study of the _________,_________,_________,and _________ of drugs over time.: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
What is the transformation of the drug by physiological processes of the body into other forms, ussually less potent or toxic than the original form that can be eliminated?: Metabolism
What does the site of action include?: Local use and Systemic use
What does each term refer to?: Local- site specific application
Systemic-application of a drug by absorption
What are the locations on the surface or within the cell that contain specific protein molecules that bind to other specific molecules, producing some effect in teh cell called?: Receptor Sites
What is the desired action of a drug or the action for which the drug is prescribed called?: Therapeutic Effect
What is a drug that binds to a particular receptor site and triggers teh cells response in a similar way to the bodys own chemical messenger?: Agonist
What is a drug that binds to a particular receptor site and blocks the action of teh endogenouschemical messenger without triggering the cells response called?: Antagonist
What is dosage that causes interference with normal physiological functions, synonymous with poisonous effect called?: Toxic effects
Responses other than the primary therapeutic effect for a drug that can be beneficial or harmful are called what?: Side effects
A harmful, undesirable side effect: Adverse effects
What is the (OOA) Onset of Action?: The time period required after administration of a drug to achieve the desired response, or therapeutic concentration level.
Unusual or unexpected responses to a drug, unrelated to the dose given: Idiosyncrasy
A local or general immune response in which the immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless substance, initial response evokes memory storage: Allergy
The longest name of a drug, giving the chemical makeup: Chemical name
A shortened version of the chemical name: Generic name
The name under which the manufacturer has patented the drug, copyrighted. This name begins with a capital letter: Trade or Brand name
The use of a drug for purposes other than those prescribed: Drug Abuse
What are some symptoms of withdrawal syndrome?: restlessness and restless sleep, chill and hot flashes,piloerection on the skin, abdominal and lower extremity cramps, vomiting and diarrhea, muscular twitching, elevated blood pressure, pulse rate and temp, craving for the drug
Means vinegar, acid or sharp: acet/o
Means glue colloidal oatmeal: collo
Means shape, dream: morph/o
Means fever, fire antipyretic: pyr, pyr/o
Means pain: -algia, -algesia
Means to break apart sympatholytic, urinalysis: -lysis
What is the chemical name of a drug dictated by?: The chemical components in the drug and the generic name is given when a compound is classified into a particular drug class.
How can drugs be identified by class?: When looking at the generic name
Drug Class: benzodiazepine Ex:Diazepam: -azepam
Drug class: penicillin Ex: amoxicillin: -cillin
Drug class: narcotic analgesic Ex:hydrocodone, codeine: -cod
Drug class: beta blocker Ex: atenelol propranolol: -olol
Drug class: steroid anti-inflammatory triamcinolone: -olone
Drug class: ACE inhibitor Ex: lisinopril monopril: -pril
Drug class: H2 Blocker Ex:ranitidine, cimetidine: -tidine
Drug class: tricyclic antidepressant Ex:nortriptyline, amitriptyline: -triptyline
Drug class: antiviral Ex: zivovudine: -vudine
Means drops: gtts
Means acetaminophen: APAP
Means aspirin: ASA
Derived from ante cibum means before meals: ac
Means at pleasure, freely: ad lib
Means twice a day: BID
Means as needed: prn
Means four times a day derived from quater in die: qid
Means three times a day derived from ter in die: tid
Right ear: ad
left ear: as
each ear or both ears: au
nothing by mouth: npo
right eye: od
left eye: os
each eye or both eyes: ou
Means by mouth derived from per os: po
Means rectally: pr
Means take or take thou: Rx
What biological factors affect drug action?: Age, gender, disease state, psychological factors, genetic factors, and natural chemicals
Age related changes in organ funcion and body composition can causes altered drug responses in regards to what?: Absorption, distribution, elimination, metabolism
What are three natural chemicals yoru body produces that affect metabolism of drugs?: histamine, prostaglandin, and bradykinin
What is release in your body as a result of the body's immune response to foreign substances?: Histamine
Mediatores of several physiologic processes and produce diverse, complex pharmacologic actions in several body systems and metabolic pathways: (PG's) prostaglandins
What is a property of prostaglandins?: Fever and uterine contraction and relaxation
What causes intense uterine contraction?: PGF
What causes uterine relaxation?: PGE,PGA, and PGB
A polypeptide that is formed from plasma alpha globulin?: Bradykinin
What are some effects of bradykinin?: Arterial dilation and lowered blood pressure, it stimulates autonomic ganglion cells in contact with sensory nerve ending, which causes pain
What happens if the gastro intestinal tract is free of food and irritating drugs?: Drugs are absorbed more rapidly
What three phases is the mechanism of action divided into?: Pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamics
In the pharmaceutical phase the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption is called what?: Dissolution
In the pharmocokinetics phase what determines the rate of absorption?: The route of administration, dose of the drug, and dosage form.
The transfer of a drug substance from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached: Passive transport
No enery is required for theis process and the majority of drugs are transported by this system: Passive transport
Necessary for the transport of amino acids, glucose, and some drugs: Active or carrier transport
Involves movement of drug molecules against the concentration gradient from lower concentration to higher concentration, or in the case of ions, against teh electrochemical potential gradient: Active or carrier transport
Drugs that are lipid-soluble can also pass more easily through the ________,________, the placental barrier, and the alimentary tract: blood brain barrier
Which drugs are absorbed more quickly via the parenteral route?: Water-soluble
Why may the drug be prepared in a vehicle that restists digestive action of the stomach contents?: to prevent nausea and vomition induced by the drugs effect in the stomach.
Storage reservoirs allow a drug to accumulate by binding to specific tissues in the body, which sustains teh pharmacologic effect of a drug at its point of action: Plasma protein binding
Where are lipid soluble drugs stored?: adipose tissue
Where is the primary site of drug metabolism?: Liver
A process whereby drugs and pharmacologically active or inactive metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidney: Excretion
Weak acids are excreted more ________in alkaline urine and more ________in acidic urine whereas as weak bases are excreted more________readily in acidic urine and more______in alkaline urine.: readily, slowly, readily, slowly
What is generally the safest route for drug administration?: Oral route
The effects of two drugs given together is equal to the sum of each of teh individual drugs. 1+1=2: Additive effects (summation)
A drug interaction in which the combined effect of two drugs is greater thatn the sum of each individual dose. 1+1=3: Synergism
The administration o ftwo drugs is less than the sum of either drug given individually. 1+1=1.5 Both drugs compete for the same receptor site: Antagonism
An effect that occurs when one drug increases or prolongs the effect of another drug, but by itself has little or no effect: Potentiation
What is the only form alowed for prescribing controlled substances?: DD1289
What polyprescription can only be used for non controlled prescription or over the counter meds?: NAVMED 6710/6
What is the superscription?: The rX symbol
What is the inscription?: Lists name and quantities of the ingrediants to be used
What is the subscription?: Gives directions to the compounder
What is the Signatura?: Gives directions to the patient
How many times do you need to check the label when dispensing medications?: three
Where and when was the metric system developed?: France, 1790
When did the metric system become a legal standard measurment in the US?: 1893
What is the Apothecary system based on?: The dry measure of the grain and (gr) and the unit of volume of the minim(m)
What does 1 grain (gr) equal in milligrams?: 65(mg)
2.2 pounds equals how many ounces and grains?: 26.4 ounces and 12,672 grains =1 kilogram
What is the Avoirdupois system based on?: The dry measure unit grain which is equibalent to the grain in the apothecary system.
Where are household measures derived from?: apothecary system
Youngs Rule is used to calculate pediatric dosages based on teh age of the child and is expressed as:: age in years
age in years +12 X adult dose = childs dose
Clarks rule is used to calculate dosage based on weight with what formula?: weight in lbs X adult=childs
150 dose

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