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zert zoology

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characteristics of sarcopterygii
all living osteichthyans except ray finned fishes, unique supporting skeleton in fins
what are the three geological eons of the earth
archean, proterozoic, phanerozoic
what of the three eons contained vertebrate life?
the phanerozoic
What are the three geological eras of the phanerozoic?
paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic
when approximately did the continental drift begin?
during the paleozoic time period about 540 MYA
When was pangea formed?
approximately 300 MYA
When did pangea begin to break apart?
approximately 150 MYA
What are the features of all chordates?
a notocord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a postanal tail, and an endostyle
what is an endostyle?
glandular groove on the floor of the pharnyx that secretes mucus, similar to our thyroid gland
What phylum is the sister group to chordata?
hemichordates
what are thehemichordates said to be the sister group to chordata?
pharyngeal slits
What are the three main groups of the Phylum Chordata?
Cephalochordatas, Urochordates, Craniate/Vertebrata
what is a blastopore?
opening to the archenteron or primitive digestive tract
what is a protostome?
the blastopore eventually develops into the mouth
what is a deuterostome?
the blastopore eventually develops into the anus
what is a coelom?
body cavity lined with mesoderm
what is an enterocoelomate?
the mesoderm pinches off and then migrates to form a new set of tissue
what species exhibit the characteristics of enterocoelomates?
echinoderms and chordata
what is schizocoelomate?
the mesoderm forms by part of the endoderm and ectoderm, the coelom forms by the splitting of the mesoderm
what phylums exhibit characteristics of schizocoelomates?
mollusks, annelid and arthropods
what phylums exhibit radial cleavage?
chordates and mollusks
what phylums exhibit spiral cleavage?
mollusks, annelids, arthropods
what are naural crest cells?
stem cells that have branched off of the ectoderm and surround a newly formed hollow tube
what are some of the fates of neural crest cells?
schwann cells and melanocytes
what are HOX genes
control the basic structure of all genes, the more complex your HOX genes the more complex the organism
What is phylogenetic and evolutionary classification based on?
morphology, development, biochemistry and genetics
what is evolutionary distance
the distance in genetics, not time
paraphyletic group
ancestor is present but not all descendants
polyphyletic group
all descendents are present without the common ancestor
what is apomorphy
a derived characteristic
what is pleisiomorphy
in herited unchanged characteristics from the ancestor
what is synapomorphies
derived characteristics shared by many species
what are symplesiomorphies
shared ancestral characteristics
what is an outgroup
group of organisms that are phylogenically close but not within the group being studied, they are used as a reference
What events play a role in where certain species of animals are located?
movement of continents, mountains
what are the two zoogeogrpahic region defined by animal distribution?
north america- neartic south america- neotropical
what was wallaces line
on the right side of the line were australian types of species and on the left were asian fauna
when did the paleozoic era occur?
542-251 MYA

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