Biology -DRUGS
Terms
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- effects of nicotine
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1. stimulates brain-make smokers feel alert
2. release adrenaline-increased heart rate and blood pressure
3. blood clot- can lead to heart attack if in cornary arteries or stroke if in the brain capillaries. - effects of carbon monoxide
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1. reduce efficiency of red blood cells transporting oxygen
2.fatty substances deposited on the inner walls of arteries
3. damage lining of blood vessels-blood clot, block blood vessels - effects of tar
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1. induces epitheliem or membrane of the air sacs to divide at an abnormal rate(carcinogenic)
2. paralyses teh cilia ling the air passages
-prevents removal of dust particles from the lungs and trachea - irritants include:
- hydrogen cyanide and acrolein
- effects of irritants
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paralyses the cilia in the air passages and weaken the walls of the alveoli
2. cause cells lining the air passages to produce mucus
-coughing bursts the weakened walls of hte alveoli, causing a decrease in wall area
-gaseous exchange greatly reduced. - chronic bronchitis
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-epithelium or membrane lining the inner surface of the bronchi or main air passages to the lungs become inflamed and narrowed.
-excessive mucus secreted >breathing difficulties - emphysema (cause by irritants)
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partition walls between the alveoli break down because of intense coughing, enlarging air spaces and decreasing the surface area of the lung
>reduce absorption of oxygen - medicinal drugs
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1. antibiotics
2. anaesthetics
3. analgesics - socially-accepted drugs
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1. caffeine
2. alcohol - alcohol
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can be abusedif consumed inexcessive amounts
-depressant
>affect nervous system(cause intoxication)
>affects digestive system (cause gastric ulcers or cirrhosis of the liver) - drug abuse
- stimulants, hallucinogenic, depressant,opiates