Biology Ch. 4 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life
- cell
- the lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell
- cell membrane
- the theory that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells
- cell theory
- a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound orgnaelles
- eukaryote
- in a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains most of the DNA and directs most of the cells activities
- nucleus
- one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells
- organelle
- a unicellular organism that lacks a nuclues and membrane-bound organelles
- prokaryote
- one of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction
- actin
- a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria
- cell wall
- a plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
- chloroplast
- the DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a nondividing cell
- chromatin
- DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division
- chromosome
- a short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion or in the movement of substances across the cell surface
- cilium
- a fold of the inner membrane of mitochondria
- crista
- the region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- cytoplasm
- a network of long network strands in the cytosol that helps maintain the shape and size of a eukaryotic cell
- cytoskeleton
- the gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane
- cytosol
- a system of membranous tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that functions as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another
- endoplasmic reticulum
- a hairlike structure made up of microtubules that function in locomotion
- flagellum
- a model of a cell membrane structure representing the dynamic nature of membrane lipids and proteins
- fluid mosaic model
- a system of membranes in eukaryotic celss that modifies proteins for export by the cell
- golgi apparatus
- a protein imbedded in the b ilayer of the cell membrane
- integral protein
- an organelle containing digestive enzymes; existing primarily in animal cells
- lysosome
- a polymer chain of the protein actin; the smallest strand in the cytoskeleton
- microfilament
- a hollow tube of protein that constitutes the largest strand in the cytoskeleton
- microtubule
- the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells
- mitochondrion
- a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
- nuclear envelope
- the nuclear skeleton, a shape maintaining protein
- nuclear matrix
- a small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
- nuclear pore
- the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled; found in most nuclei
- nucleolus
- a protein attached to the interior or exterior surface of the cell membrane
- peripheral protein
- an organelle of plant cells that contains starch, fats, or pigments
- plastid
- an organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins
- ribosome
- the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains attached ribosomes
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- a membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through
- selectively permeable membrane
- the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes
- spindle fiber
- a flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast; contains most of the components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis
- thylakoid
- a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes in a plant cell
- vacuole
- a collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a closely connected group
- colonial organism
- several types of body tissues that together perform a function
- organ
- a group of organs that interact to perform a set of related tasks
- organ system
- in most multicellular organisms, a group of similar cells that carry out a common function
- tissue