Diabetes drugs
Terms
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Sulfonylureas
(name 4) - Tolbutamide, glyburide, glipizide, chlorpropamide
- Sulfonylureas
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-stimulate release of endogenous insulin
-close K ch to depolarize cell and release insulin (d/t increase Ca influx)
-can cause hypoglycemia - Metformin
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mechanism unknown: may inhibit gluconeogenesis and increase glycolysis
- can ->lactic acidosis - Glitaziones
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increase target cell response to insulin
toxicity: wt gain, hepatotoxic (troglitazone) - alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- Acarbose, miglitol
- Acarbose
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inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase: delays hydrolysis of sugars and absorption of glucose -> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
toxicity: GI disturbances - Insulin receptor mechanism
- Tyrosine kinase activity
- Insulin actions in liver
- increase storage of glucose as glycogen
- Insulin actions in muscle
- Stimulates glycogen and protein synthesis and K uptake
- Insulin actions in adipose
- facilitates triglyceride storage
- Insulin clinical use and toxicities
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1. diabetes
2. life-threatening hyperkalemia
3. stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglycemia