Module One
Terms
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- Science
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1. an objective way to answer questions.
2. based on observable facts and data
3. observable actions
4. thoughts, feelings, sensations, memories - Rene Oescartes
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1. modified dualism
2. behavior doesn't require soil - Charles Darwin
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1. theory of natural selection
2. human beings can be understood with science - Wilhelm Wundt
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1. From germany
2. wrote first psych book - William Jones
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1. started psych at harvard
2. brought psych to U.S.
3. taught a female student - Sigmund Freud
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1. everything is the result of aggression and your sexual drive
2. analyzed dreams
3. cocane and cigar smoker - Ivan Pavla
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1. Russian Physiologist
2. Discovered conditioned reflexes - Mary Whiton Calkins
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1. refused PhD from Harvard
2. 1st female president of ADA - B.F. Skinner
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1. taught at Harvard
2. studying, learning, effect of reinforcement - Jean Piaget
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1. deserved his own children
2. created stages of cognitive development - What are the four perspectives and what do they focus on?
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1. Biological-focuses on the brain and nervous system
2. Cognitive- focuses on mental processes
3. Behavioral-focuses on conditioning
4. Socio cultural- focuses on culture and people around you - Descriptive Statistics
- used to describe data
- Inferential Statitics
- asserts the significance of the data
- What are the two types of statistics?
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1. Central Tendency
2. Measure of Variability - What are the three measures of Central Tendency?
- Mean, Median, and Mode
- What does the Scientific Method Theory do for us?
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1. used to explain findings of research
2. its never proven - What is replication?
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1. means to repeat a research study
2. reapply the original findings
3. used with different participants - What are the three types of research methods?
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1. Descriptive Method
2. Survey method
3. Correlation Method
4. Experimental Method - What observations happen during the Descriptive method?
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obse (watched and recorded behavior)
naturalistic behavior - What is an example of naturalistic behavior?
- tv watching, washing hands
- What are the advantages of using the survey method?
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1. large numbers of people answer questions
2. lots of participants in a short amount of time - What are the disadvantages of using the survey method?
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1. not perfect
2. only replicate a certain range of people
3. questions can be interpreted differently by participants - During the Correlational method what do you observe?
- relationships among variables in any behavior latitude
- True or False: In the Correlation Method one behavior changes as the other changes.
- True
- What does the Correlational method allow? and what does the correlation mean?
- allows predictions to be made and it means that the stronger the correlation equals a more accurate predicition
- In the Correlation method what happens to the variables?
- One variable changes as the other changes
- What is an example of one variable changing as the other one does the same during the Correlational Method?
- height and weight
- During the Correlational method what does the correlations range from?
- -1 to 1
- What happens when the correlations further away from zero?
- the correlation is stronger