Exam 2 MSA 2301
Terms
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- 1st feature length film and by who?
- Birth of a Nation in 1915(3 and half hrs) by DW Griffith - established film as an art form - controversial about slavery
- 1st color film and by who?
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Flowers and Trees by Walt Disney (3 color technicolor) in 1932
Feature length 1st w/ color Becky Sharp - 1st film with sound (talky) and by who?
- The Jazz Singer in 1927 with Al Jolson "You ain't seen nothin yet!" by WArner Bros using vitaphone
- 1st film to tell a story and by who?
- The Great Train Robery by Edwin Porter in 1903 (turn of century)
- 1st film to use special effects/trick photography and by who?
- A Trip to the Moon- 14 min. (sci/fi after Great Train Robbery) by Melies
- Vitaphone
- used by WB sound recorded on disks and syncronized
- Early Talkies
- film still silent, but a record made at the same time so actors could talk into microphones on a disk to be in sync with film
- Photophone
- sound on actual film so did away with disk
- Talkies affect on Silent Film actors
- some actors in silent films had terrible voices/ accents (ex Valentino) so ruined careers
- What deeply affected (killed) magazines?
- development of TV (1956 after war) because TV pics moved even though same pics as in magazines
- # of magazines published between 1800 and 1885
- 3300
- Golden Age of Magazines
- last part of 19th century - from civil war until 1900 - (industrial rev. had impact of mag. tech. and postal rates reduced for magazines by postal act)
- Transcontinental Railroad Completed
- "golden spike" driven connected east/west coast by rail so mag. could travel back and forth and products could to (boosted subscriptions so could increase adv. cost)
- Golden Age of Radio
- 30's and 40's (early on after all clutter and before TV) - provided electronic bridge to masses
- Golden Age of TV
- 50's where some of greatest programs started (lots live), some radio programs moved to TV (amos and andy) - became dominant entertainment medium because mesmorized audience
- Colonial Press Period
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- institutionalized gossip
- published by undereducated printers
- British still in charge (smalltown gossip popular) - Revolutionary Press Period
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- established a rold of advocacy
- had heavy doses of persuasion and PR
- revolutionary thinkers for freedom (later created Declaration of Independence
- advocation freedom
- radicals wrote federalist papers 1st in newspap. form - Political Press Period
-
- after independence (post Rev. war)
- supported by politicians
- no real growth in newspaper industry (b/c everyone looking to content not technology)
- politicians even wrote and published (financed newsp.) - The Penny Press
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- defer the production cost to advertisors
- brought by tech. of printing
- Ben Day and NY Sun
- advertisors eager to pay price to get message out all at once - Personal Editors Press Period
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- James Gordon Bennett established NY Herald in 1835 selling papers for penny
- reporters have newsrooms
- events reporting
- public watchdog establishment - Yellow Journalism
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- "Yellow Kid"
- Joseph Pullitzer and NY world
- Hearst San Fran. examiner
- created circulation war by using sensationalism
- sometimes made up news to sell papers
- Hearst and Pullitzer both owned yellow kid at one time - Yellow Kid
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- popular character
- kid derby and yellow nightshirt who he put on and set out on adventures
- paved the way for sunday comics
- 3 years of existence (1895-1898) - Jazz Journalism
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- revived sensationalism journalism
- 20's jazz era
- NY Daily News in 1919
- used tabloid format
- quickly grew to largest circulation
- during WW1 sens. journ. not necessary b/c wanted war news
- made comeback with photos of dead ppl. and writing about romance/mystery instead of news - Radio Station Jobs
-
General Manager
Programming Manager (production manager/ traffic and continuity)
Sales Manager (sells radio time)
Chief Engineer (knows all about radio station) - TV Station Jobs
-
Business Office - Station Manager
Engineering Dept.
News and Public affairs dept.
Programming/ Prog. Director
Sales Dept. (sells adv.)
Promotions Dept. (tv promotions promote station itself) - Principle (Psychological) that allows pics to seem like straight movement
- "Persistence of Vision" so looks as though moving (ex. flipbooks) - brain sees one pic and stays in mind as next is presented
- Early Cable TV (CATV)
-
Community Antenna TV
- started for mts. areas
- became basis for Cable tv
- signals directed where couldn't beam
antenna on high ridge to get to ppl in valley below (need based at first) - Early Broadcasting
- one TV in whole town so broadcast tv set selling in 1938 in dept. stores
- Tops 3 Monthly Magazines
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Reader's Digest (12.6)
Nat'l Geographic (8.5
Better Homes and Gardens (7.6) - Top 3 Weekly Magazines
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TV Guide (11.1)
Time (4.1)
People (3.5) - 1st person to publish magazines
- Andrew Bradford lasted 3 issues
- 2nd person to publish mag.
- Ben Franklin for 6 issues (died because of lack of adv. and limited circulation
- 1st regularly published newspaper in America
-
Boston News Letter by John Campbell in 1704
- he was post master so could send to anyone
- when he lost his job Brooker started Boston Gazette - James Franklin
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- New England Courant 1721
- jailed because didn't have permission
- confronted puritan establishment
- Bro Ben Franklin took over - When did newsp. start and how long have they lasted?
-
Gazette in London 1665 - 300 years
- 1702 Boston News Letter by Campbell - 1820's magazines
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Port Folio (outlet for writers)
North Amer. Review
Sat. Evening Post (long life)
- recovering from rev. war and new century so situation changes - by 1830 __ mag. published
- 100
- Credited with inventing TV
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Filo Farnsworth in 1927 (waited to patent until perfected)
(Baird yr. earlier in England) - Vladmir Zworykin
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- worked for RCA (all 3 men working on it) but he had company behind him
- owned patents - 1st TV broadcast
- 1939 NY World's Fair (washington DC to NY)
- Character who started Sunday Funnies
- - sensation yellow nightshirt called yellow kid embarking on adventures
- The Big 3 TV Networks
- NBC, CBS, and ABC
- Share (radio rating)
- percentage of ppl with radio on who listen to a particular station during a 15 min. increment
- Rating Points
- %tage of people in a market that listen to a particular station in 15 min. increments
- Early film studios based where
- NY and NJ had a monopoly
- vertical integration
- assured a particular movie studio would have specific actors, theatres, producers, etc.
- star system
- insure block booking (theatre had to play what was given them)
- Studio Domination
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WB
MGM (Loews)
Paramont
RKO (Howard Hughes)
Twentieth Cent. Fox - Paramount Decision
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broke up vertical integration and block booking
- more choices
- audience size decreased
- increased movie quality - Who narrated War of the Worlds?
- Professor Pierson played by Orson Wells
- How many people tuned into WOTW
- 32 million during tea time
- Where did the explosion happen?
- groversmille NJ on Willmont Farm
- What undid the marshens?
- germs (small things)