Making Babies (NURS 450)
Terms
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- how long can sperm survive in the female repro. tract?
- five days
- how long does an egg have to become fertilized after ovulation?
- 24 hours
- At what point does the egg implant itself into the endometrial lining?
- Six days after fertilization.
- What organ does 60% of ejaculate come from?
- the seminal vesicle.
- Which gland produces fluid for lubrication prior to ejaculation?
- The Cowper's Gland.
- What gland produces lubrication during sexual arousal?
- the bartholomeus gland
- What is the protein shell that encases a woman's egg?
- the zona
- what must sperm have in order to be absorbed by the egg?
- proteins similiar to those on the surface of the egg.
- what percentage of fertilized eggs die?
- 50
- what is the name of the process that a cell undergoes when it becomes an embryo?
- gastrolation
- how many pregnancies are unplanned?
- 50%
- what are the chances of a woman catching an STI?
- 1 in 4
- What is the purpose of herpes treatments?
- to decrease unpleasant symptoms.
- 8 signs of pregnancy
- 1. tender breasts 2. spotting 3.fatigue 4.nausea 5.stretching pelvic liga. 6.food cravings 7.bloating 8. increased urination
- Preg. Test History
- 1350- wheat/barley 1500-piss prophet 1900-progestin ID 1930-hormone research/ID 1960/70- wampole's 2hr test 1976- EPT (10$) 1990- early/accu. tests avail. 2003- Digital testing
- When is HCG released?
- when embryo implants into endometrium
- How high are HCG levels by the time menses is missed?
- b/w 50 and 250 microint'l units
- what are the two kinds of preg, tests available?
- -Qualitative: Urine test. Positive if levels are b/w 25 and 50 ml. -Quantitative: Blood test. Positive if levels are above 5-10 ML.
- How are urine (qualitative) tests inaccurate?
- 1. If used improperly 2. Exposed to sun 3. Expired 4. Presence of cancer
- How many Americans have an incurable STI?
- 65 million
- How many new STI cases are reported yearly in US?
- 19 million
- What are the most common types of infections?
- -Gonorehea -Chlymidia -Herpes -HPV
- Gonorrhea
- -Incubation period: 1-4 days -Bacterial -Can infect men, women, and babies
- Chlamydia
- -Incubation period: 2-3 weeks -Asymptomatic in men and women
- Syphilis
- -Incubation period: 10-90 days -Can cause infections in unborn children (inutero) -Causes chancres
- Dalkon Shield (Negative)
- Caused septic abortions, ectopic pregnancies, severe PID, and infertility
- Dalkon Shield (positive)
- Made the FDA test contraceptive devices before they are allowed onto the market.
- True or false: perscription barrier methods must be used with spermicide.
- True.
- True or false: Interuterine devices available today protect better than the pill.
- True.
- True or false: Should women take rests from the pill?
- False.
- True or false: Taking the pill during pregnancy causes birth defects.
- False.
- Who were they key figures in the film, "The Pill"?
- Magaret Sanger, Gregory Pinkus, Katherine Mcormack, and John Rock.
- In "The Pill", what was the main opposition to the development of the drug?
- The Catholic Church. Believed: - Promoted promiscuity - Promo. sex before marriage
- What were the drawbacks of the early pill?
- -High levels of progesterone and estrogen caused stroke.
- Facts from "The Pill"
- -The FDA approved the pill on May 11, 1954 -First released as Enavoid for 'menstrual disorders'. -80% of women born since 1940 have taken the pill.
- What are the male and female forms of sterilization?
- Males: Vasectomy Females: Tubal Litigation
- Examples of Ancient Contraception
- -Herbal Douches - Animal Dung - Lemon Rinds (barrier)
- True or False: Compared to the early pill, hormonal methods of contra. availanle today are relatively safe and effective for most women.
- True
- Who was the Catholic obstetrician who helped promote the pill?
- John Rock
- Progestin/Progesterone
- A hormone used to prevent pregnancy by tricking the body into thinking it's pregnant. -prevents ovulation -alters uterine lining -thickens cervical mucus
- Progestin/ Progesterone Only Methods
- -Implants -The Shot -The Mini-Pill
- Where is progestin found in nature?
- -Ox Bile -Mexican Yams
- Combined estrogen/progestin methods.
- -The Pill
- Plan B
- - Does NOT cause abortion. - Aug 2006 approved for over-counter-use. - Under 18 needs prescription. - 1.7 Million unintended pregnancies per year due to contraceptive failure. - 1.9 million unintended pregnancies per year due to nonuse of contraception. - 1.6 million abortions performed each year. - Take within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and reduces the risk of pregnancy by 75-89% - Can be initiated within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse with less effectiveness.
- True or False: According to Bainbridge, sperm are necessary for placenta development.
- True.
- After last menstrual cycle, how long does it take for ovulation to occur?
- two weeks, usually.
- What test provides quantitative pregnancy results?
- A blood (serum) test.
- According to JAMA, when does a fetus begin to perceive pain?
- The third trimester.
- True or false: Methods of emergency contraception DO include post-coital insertion of IUD
- True.
- Roe vs. Wade
- -1st Trimester: Judgement of patient and care provider. -2nd Trimester: Each state may choose to regulate the proceduers in ways that are reasonable related to pregnant woman's health. -Third trimester: State may choose to limit or even prohibit aborton. It may not impose restrictions that interfere with the life or health of the preg. woman.
- What % of accidental pregnancies end in abortion? Birth? Miscarriges?
- 47%, 40%, and 13% respectively.
- What restrictions can a state put on abortions?
- -Parental Consent -Mandatory Delay or State directed counseling -Limitations on private insurance coverages for abortions.
- Factors contributing to the decline in number of abortion providers.
- - Anti-choice harrassment and violence -Social stigma -Prof. isolation -The graying of providers -inadequate economic incentives -abortion an 'unexciting' field.
- Two forms of Abortion
- 1-Medicinal 2-Surgical
- Medicinal Abortion
- 1. Medicinal: Methotrexate- Orally, up to six weeks. Or Mifepristone, orally up to 9 weeks (ru486) *Vag. suppositories must be taken with meds to assist in contractions. Follow-up ultrasound also necessary.
- Surgical Abortion
- 1- MVA or Manual Vacuum Aspiration 2-D&C or Dilation and Suction Curettage 3- Dilation and Evacuation
- Multifetal Pregnancies and Abortion
- - Wait and See: 10-30% feti will reduce naturally. -Elective Reduction: Done 9-12 weeks. Uses injected potassium chloride (vag or abdominal)
- True or false: abortion in the first trimester is a safe and legal option in the US.
- true
- true or false: mva is a surgical method of abortion that can be performed up to twelve weeks.
- true
- t/f: a hysterectomy is a form of sterilization that absolutely cannot be reversed.
- true.