Developmental theories
Terms
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- Basic principles of growth and development?
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Physical growth
development
maturation
differentiation - refers to changes in skill an capacity to function
- development
- growth begins at the head and move toward the legs and feet
- cephalocaudally
- physical change and increase in size (ht wt teeth etc..)
- physcial growth
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process by which cells and structures become modified and develop more refined
(simple to complex) - differentiation
- what theory explains the development of personality
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Psychosocial theory
Freud
Erikson - theori used and promotes health
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- theories explain the development of the intellectual abilities(thinking,reasoning,and use of language)
- Cognitive theory
- theories describe how the reasoning a person uses to decide what is right and wrong changes with age
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Moral development theory
Kohlberg
Gilligan - theories describe the development of faith.
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spiritual theory
Fowler
Westerhoff - arises at or about a certain period in a person's life which, if achieved, leads to happiness and success with later tasks. if not achieved leads to unhappiness, difficulty with later tasks, and social disapproval?
- Development task(theory by Havighurst
- Name 5 stages of Freud's theory of psychosexual development?
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oral (birth to 1 yr)
anal (2-3 yrs)
phallic (4-5 yrs)
latency (6-12 yrs)
genital (13 and older) - responsible for a persons instinctive and unconscious urges
- Id(sexual in nature)
- serves to make effective contact with social and physical needs
- Ego
- the sense of right and wrong and serves to mediate the ego and Id
- Superego
- Name the 8 stages of development by Erickson?
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Infancy(1-18mts)trust v mistrust
early child(18-3y)autonomy v shame and doubt
late childhood (3-5y) initiative vs guilt
School age (6-12y)industry vs inferiorty
Adolescense (12-20y)identity v role confusion
Young adulthood (25-65)Generativity v stagnation
Maturity (65 N up)integrity v despair - Name Maslow's Needs
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Self actualization
self esteem
love and belonging
safety and security
physiologic -
this need includes
air,food,water,shelter,rest,sleep,activity and temperature
lowest needs
crucial for survival - Physiologic Need
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needs are physical and psychological and are the
Second level on need - Safety and security
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Third level of need
giving and receiving affection,
attaining and maintaining the feeling of belonging in a group - Love and belonging
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feelings of independence
competence
self respect
esteem, respect for others - self esteem
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Highest level of need
Max potential developed and ones abilities and qualities are fullfilled - Self actualization
- Name the 5 stages of development of Piagets theory?
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sensorimotor(birth-2y)
preconceptual(2-4y)
intuitive thought(4-7)
concrete operations(7-11)
formal operations(11-15) - Name Kohlberg stages of moral development
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premoral/preconventional
conventional
postconventional - actions are taken to satisfy ones own nees and the action is judged to be wrong if it is punished and right if not.
- premoral/preconventional
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actions are taken to please others and gain approval:
right=if you follow rules - conventional
- actions are based on obeying laws that protect the welfare of others. person recognizes personal values and opinions, avoids violation of rights.
- Post conventional
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who develop these stages
-caring for oneself
-caring for others
-caring for self and others - Gilligan