World Cultures: Africa's Past
Terms
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- Berlin Conference Of 1884
- Every country who wanted a part of Africa attended, and the continent was divided so no one would get into a conflict over the land.
- Slave
- One who is bound to servitude to a person or household as an instrument of labor
- Louis Leakey
- Paleontologist, researched in Tanzania 1959
- Sources of pre-1500 Sub-Saharan Africa history
- Oral history, records of arab history, Al Bakari (Spanish Arab geography)--Ghana Empire, and Archaeological ruins--Timbuktu, Zimbabwe
- Why do we have so little history of Africa?
- Many people of sub sarahan Africa are nonliterate, artistic/building material was mainly wood: this does not last the way stone does. Kingdoms were located in the interior of Africa and Europeans did not penetrate the continent due to geography and diseases
- Henry Morton Stanley
- American reporter, came from a sad background, needed a father figure. "Dr. Livingstone, I presume" Became very close with D.L.
- Imperialism
- When a country takes over people in another country, but somewhere else they do not directly control it. (much like colonialism)
- Britain's Colony in Africa
- Cape to Cairo (included Nigeria, which made them oil wealthy)
- David Livingstone
- British explorer in Africa, made a lot of progress. Came from a small, loving, religious family. Lived in Africa for a lot of his life. His accounts encouraged others to "open the sore of the world," his last words.
- When Europeans first came to Africa, Africans wanted to...?
- Africans wanted to trade humanity for rifles, etc.
- 1865
- Slave Trade in Africa is cut off immediately from U.S.A. however the use of slavery does not cease
- 1880
- By this time, most of Africa had been mapped, paving th eway for missionaries, business interests, and eventually European colonization.
- 1500
- The year Europeans come to Africa
- Results of Berlin Conf.
- Resulted in a 60,000 word document that divided Africa up among the participants.There were less than 200 words that concerned the Africans it was as if the continent was uninhabitated.
- 1617
- First slave was brought into Jamestown
- People Who Succeeded Resisting Europeans
- The defeat at Adowa between Italy and Ethiopia.
- Menelik II
- Ruled Ethiopia, and beat the Italians to ruling the country
- The White Man's Burden
- Poem by Rudyard Kipling gave rise to the "scramble for Africa" (1870s-1880s)
- Why The British Did Not Become Addicted To Slave Trade
- They thought it was inhumane, but many other cultures/people were addicted to it--the south but this addiction began to slow down in the 1750s
- Why Missionaries were positive
- 1)Western Medicine 2)Education 3)Provided education for Africa's future leaders 4)Translation (Literacy) 5)Shut down the internal African slave trade 6)Advocates for Africa
- 1800's Explorers did what
- By 1800s explorers were "discovering" and "naming" Africa.
- People Who Resisted Europeans
- The Ashanti is one group--Ashanti Wars
- France's Colony in Africa
- A lionshare of West Africa--the cote d'ivoire, Senegal, morocco, mauritania
- Chronology & Magnitude of Slave Trade
- Conservative sources will say as little as 10 million were taken out of Africa, liberal sources will say about 25 million people were taken
- Slavery Within Africa
- You were not born into slavery, you lived with a person for 7 years (to pay off debt, or as punishment)
- 20 Years after the beginning of the slave trade
- The United States began discussing abolishing the slave trade over 20 years after it began. In 1808 they had this discussion, it was abolished ASAP.
- How did the slave trade impact Africa?
- 1) Demography--the loss of at least 10-25 million people 2)Disruption of existing cultures 3)Upset economic development 4) Spurred industrial development--however not in Africa 5)Encouraged the myth of racial inferiority 6)Distorted European-African relations
- Robert Leakey
- Paleontologist, Lake Turkana, Kenya
- Huminid
- A near-man (moving toward homo sapien-evolution) EX: Australopithecus, Homohabilius
- Slaves not needed in Africa
- There was no farmland for slaves to work at.
- How did Europeans develop a fascination of the dark continent?
- In the aftermath of the transatlantic slave trade, Europeans developed a fascination with exploring the interior of the "dark continent"
- Why Missionaries were negative
- 1)Culturally insensitive 2)"Interpret Africa" as a needy place--childlike. People had to depict Africa as a needy, childlike place in order to get money to go to Africa and help people. This gave people not a great image of the county.
- Slaves not needed in Europe
- There was no reason for them: Europeans had serfs to work in the farmland