Research methods in the study of life span development
Terms
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- define the steps of formulating a research method
- involves a hypothesis then testing the hypothesis,drawing conclusions and making the findings available to others.
- define naturalistic observation
- involves watching people in their natural settings,in which there is no manipulation of the settings by the observer.
- define field experiments
- the observation takes place in a natural setting but there is some manipulation or control over variables.
- define controlled experiments
- performed in an labortory setting where much greater control over extraneous variables can take place.
- what are the three types of variables
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independant variable:they are manipulated by the experimenter
dependant variables:the outcome or the result
confounding varibles:things that may affect the result in an unanticipated way or were not controlled for the design of the experiment. - define data collection
- information is obtained using observation,surveys or interviews and the information is then discussed in a case report.
- define cross-sectional studies
- when groups are studied at only one point in time
- define longitudinal studies
- when groups are studied at many different times.
- define sequential studies
- a combination of cross-sectional and longitudal studies and is the most complicated.
- define cohert differences
- differences that arise from the unique sociocultural factors to which people of different generations are exposed.
- define data analysis
- refers to statistical procedures that are due to make sense of the findings of a study.
- how does descriptive research and correlational research relate
- research that is descriptive is also called correlational which means that the variables are related but you can not say whether one caused the other
- give examples of descriptive statistics
- means,medians,modes,frequencies,simple correlations
- define inferential statistics
- they are used to determine if there is a significant difference between two or more scores or to determine if some score could occur just by chance.
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define informed consent
define privacy
define the use of deception -
means to say "yes" or "no" to participation also means to completely understand what one is consenting to.
privacy: participants have right to privacy and research is kept confidential by researcher, or it can be anonymous.
deception: some research must be done without the participants full knowledge but if deception is necessary participants must be breifed or told of the acutual hypothesis, after the study is over.ther needs to be very good justification for using decption in research.